PREVENTIVE MEASURES 
203 
or twice a week, either by the city scavengers, or by 
gardeners for fertilizing purposes. In the case of a 
large stable, where many horses are cared for, Herms 
recommends such a closet as was used in Washington, 
or the construction of a lean-to or shed connecting with 
the stable by means of a small screened door. Where 
it is not convenient to construct a lean-to because of 
sliding doors or other obstructions, he recommends a 
large bin, either of wood or of concrete, with a hinged 
top. He illustrates a type of concrete bin used in one 
of the fire-engine houses in Berkeley, but shows that 
it is not conveniently constructed, since it is unhandy 
to remove the manure. It ought not to be difficult to 
construct a concrete bin with a lidded top, and a lower 
hinged door from which the manure can be removed 
conveniently. 
The Sanitary Privy 
The uncared-for privy, both on farms and in towns, 
will eventually disappear, and the sooner it goes the 
better it will be for human health. It is a prolific 
source of soil contamination and a prolific breeder of 
germ-laden flies. Who can estimate the number of 
lives that have been lost through the persistence of this 
primitive and persistent blot upon conditions of life 
which might otherwise be called civilized? 
Hardly any one realizes the extent to which this 
semi-barbaric institution exists in many parts of the 
country, and as a matter of fact I am sure that the 
average person in the large city has no idea of the 
