210 THE HOUSE FLY—DISEASE CARRIER 
earth or lime. The oil of schiste is a crude petroleum 
found in Europe. In the number of July 19, 1907, 
the paper stated that this proceeding had given excel¬ 
lent results and that flies had disappeared wherever it 
had been applied. At the International Congress of 
Hygiene in Berlin following, Professor Bordas con¬ 
firmed the statements of Le Matin, and added that the 
Governor of Kiaotscheau had obtained excellent re¬ 
sults by the oil method. Galli-Valerio (1910), being 
greatly interested in this matter, wrote to Doctor Dirk- 
sen, physician to the Government at Tsingtau, and 
found out that only five liters of the oil of schiste were 
sent to the Governor by Le Matin , and thinks that the 
results of work on such a small scale are not at all con¬ 
vincing. Experiments made by the writer, however, 
with the use of kerosene upon horse manure, convince 
him that it will act equally well in privies, and in this 
statement he has the endorsement of Stiles and others. 
A Compulsory Sanitary Privy Law 
The following paragraphs, quoted from Stiles 
(1910), excellently express some very sound ideas on 
this subject. 
“A compulsory sanitary privy law or ordinance 
should exist and be strictly enforced in all localities in 
which connection with a sewer system is not enforced. 
“Since, from a sanitary point of view, the privy is 
a public structure in that it influences public health, it 
seems wisest to have city and town ordinances which 
provide for a licensing of all privies, the license being 
