364 



NITROGEN BASES 



IV. Quinoline Alkaloids. — These fall into two groups : — 

 {a) Cinchona alkaloids, such as Quinine, Cinchonine, etc., 



from the bark of various species of Cinchona (Rubia- 



ceae). 

 [h) Strychnos alkaloids, such as Strychnine and Brucine 



from Strychnos nux vomica, S. Ignatii, etc., and 



Curarine from Strychnos toxifera (Loganiaceae). 

 The constitution of quinine is represented by the following 

 formula * : — 



CH, 



-CH 



/\ 



CH, CH — CH^CH, 



CH2 CH2 



CHOH— CH- 



— N 



Quinine 



from which it will be seen to contain a quinoline ring. 



The constitution of strychnine and brucine has not yet 

 been determined, though possible formulae have been suggested 

 by Perkin and Robinson. f 



V. Isoquinoline Alkaloids. — These may be divided into the 

 three following groups : — 



[a) Papaverine group, including Papaverine, Narcotine, 

 Laudanosine, etc., closely allied to which are 

 Hydrastine and Hydrastinine from Hydrastis cana- 

 densis, 

 {b) Morphine group, including Morphine, Apomorphine, 



Thebaine, and Codeine. 

 {c) Berberine group, including Berberine and Corydalis 



alkaloids. 

 The constitutional formulae for alkaloids of this group are 

 for the most part exceedingly complex, and it will suffice here 



* This formula, though probably correct, has not yet been confirmed 

 by synthesis. 



t Perkin and Robinson : " J. Chem. Soc. Lond.," 1910, 97, 305. 



