THE FEMALE GAMETOPHYTE 



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Fig. 87. Embryo sacs showing abnormal behavior of antipodal cells. A, Ligu- 

 laria sibirica; embryo sac showing increase in number of antipodal cells, some of 

 which are binucleate. (After Afzelius, 1924-) B, Putoria calabrica, three embryo 

 sacs of which two are well organized; note extreme elongation of basal antipodal 

 cell. (After Fagerlind, 1936a.) C, Zea mays, embryo sac showing mass of antipodal 

 cells at lower end. (After Randolph, 1£83.) D, Gentiana campestris, embryo sac 

 showing increase in number of antipodal cells. (After Stolt, 1921.) E, Galium 

 moliugo, embryo sac showing elongation of basal antipodal cell. (After Fagerlind, 

 1987.) F, Aster novae-anglieae, several multinucleate antipodal cells, of which 

 basal has undergone considerable enlargement. (After Chamberlain, 1895.) G, 

 Phyllis nobla, l.s. ovule. H, embryo sac of same enlarged to show young embryo, 

 endosperm, and three haustorial antipodal cells. (After Fagerlind, 1936b.) 



