EMBRYOLOGY IN RELATION TO TAXONOMY 



369 



Liliaceae-Asphodeloideae. According to Krause (1930) the sub- 

 family Asphodeloideae comprises the following tribes: Asphodeleae, 

 Hemerocallideae, Aloeae, Aphyllantheae, Johnsonieae, Dasypogo- 

 neae, Lomandreae, and Calectasieae. The Asphodeleae is further 

 subdivided into Asphodelinae, Anthericinae, Chlorogalinae, Odonto- 

 stominae, Eriosperminae, Xeroneminae, and Dianellinae. To the 

 Asphodelinae belong the genera Asphodelus, Asphodeline, Paradisia, 

 Diuranthera, and Eremurus; and to the Anthericinae belong Bul- 

 binella, Bulbine, Bulbinopsis, Anemarrhena, Terauchia, Simethis, 

 Debesia, Anthericum, Alectorurus, Chlorophytum, Verdickia, Eremo- 

 crinum, Thysanotus, Dichopogon, Arthropodium, and a few others. 

 Although only a few genera under these two subtribes have so far 

 been investigated, the information available at present may be 

 summarized as shown in the accompanying table. 



Asphodelinae 



Ovules orthotropus or hemitropous 



Aril present 



Division of microspore mother 

 cells simultaneous 



Embryo sac does not produce any 

 haustorial outgrowth 



Anthericinae 



Ovules typically anatropous 



Aril absent 



Division of microspore mother 

 cells successive 



Embryo sac produces a lateral 

 haustorium 



Now, Paradisia (Stenar, 1928a), which has been placed by Krause 

 under the Asphodelinae, has no aril, the divisions of its microspore 

 mother cells are of the successive type, and its embryo sac forms a 

 haustorium similar to that of Anthericum (Schnarf, 1928). In Bul- 

 bine, on the other hand, which has been placed under the Antheri- 

 cinae, there is a clear and well -developed aril, the divisions of the 

 microspore mother cells are of the simultaneous type, and there is no 

 embryo sac haustorium. The case for an interchange of the posi- 

 tions of these two genera is therefore quite evident, and in a revised 

 classification of the Asphodeloideae, Paradisia should be placed 

 under the Anthericinae and Bulbine under the Asphodelinae. 



In a more recent paper Schnarf and Wunderlich (1939) go still 

 further and emphasize that on embryological grounds the Aspho- 



