PREFACE ix 



interested in the group. The bibUography therefore does not 

 pretend to be complete, and the choice of what are regarded as 

 important papers has lain with the author. It is sincerely hoped 

 that the majority of University students will find all that they need 

 to know for a degree course in the volume. 



I should like to acknowledge the assistance that I have obtained 

 from existing volumes and also my indebtedness to the following 

 publishers for permission to reproduce figures from their works. 

 Cambridge University Press: The Structure and Reproduction of 

 the Algae, vol. i, by Fritsch; Algae, vol. i, by West; A Treatise on 

 the British Fresh-water Algae, by West and Fritsch; Magraw Hill 

 Book Co. : Fresh Water Algae of the United States, by G. M. Smith; 

 University of Michigan Press: The Marine Algae of the North 

 Eastern Coast of the United States, by W. R. Taylor ; University of 

 Minnesota Press: The Algae and their Life Relations, by Tilden; 

 The British Museum : Handbook of British Marine Seaweeds, by 

 L. Newton; University of California Press: Chlorophyceae and 

 Melanophyceae of the Pacific Coast of North America (2 vols.), by 

 Setchell and Gardiner; Dulau and Co.: Phycological Memoirs, by 

 G. Murray. 



In addition, reference w^as made to Oltmann's Morphologic und 

 Biologic der Algen and to Kniep's Die Sexualitdt der Niederen 

 Pflanzen, but owing to the present conditions it has not proved 

 possible to get in touch with the publishers. 



Acknowledgement for the use of figures is also made to the editors 

 of the following journals, to whom my thanks are due: Annals of 

 Botany, Journal of Ecology, New Phytologist, Journal of Gcjietics, 

 Botanical Gazette, Americanjournal of Botany, American Naturalist, 

 Annals of the South African Museum, Transactions of the Royal 

 Society of South Africa, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal 

 Society, Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Proceedings 

 of the New Zealand Institute, Journal of the Linneafi Society {Botany), 

 Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, Botanical 

 Magazine {Tokyo), Bidletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, Publica- 

 tions of the Hartley Botanical Laboratory, Bidletin of the United 

 States Department of Agricidture, Journal of the College of Agri- 

 culture, Tohoku {Hokkaido) University, Reports of the Great Barrier 

 Reef Expedition and Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical 

 Society. 



