370 ECOLOGICAL FACTORS, ETC. 



(i) Bush and tree forms (Bryopsis). 



(2) Gelatinous bush forms (Diatoms). 



(3) Whip forms {Himanthalia). 



(4) Net forms [Hydrodictyon), 



(5) Leafy forms: (a) lattice {Agarum), 



(b) flag (Macrocystis), 

 {c) buoy (Nereocystis). 



(6) Sack forms {Leathesia). 



(7) Dorsiventral forms (Delesseria). 



(8) Cushion, disk and encrusting forms {Ralfsia). 



(9) Epiphytes, endophytes and parasites. 



(10) Plankton. 



(11) Symbionts. 



In 1927 Funk proposed a new classification which apphed 

 particularly to the algae of the Gulf of Naples. He distinguished 

 four primary groups, all of which were capable of subdivision 

 according to the same principles, but unfortunately the terms that 

 he employed for the major groups are not particularly happy as 

 some of them are open to the widest interpretation : 



1. Seaweeds ("Tange" in the original). 



II. Lime-encrusted algae. 



III. Fine algae ("Feinalgen", or algae of small proportions). 



IV. Microscopic algae, including species measuring less than 

 I cm. 



Each of these groups could be subdivided as follows, the 

 examples being taken in this case from the first group. 



I . Sea weeds ( ' ' Tange " ) : 



(a) Large algae, more than i m. in length, e.g. Laminaria. 



(b) Medium algae, with a length of 0*5-1 m., e.g. Fucus. 



(c) Small algae ranging from i to 50 cm. in length: 



(i 



(ii 

 (iii 



(iv 



(V 



(vii 



Main axis not branched, e.g. Chaetomorpha. 



Main axis branched, e.g. Gracilaria. 



Thallus bushy, e.g. Gelidium. 



Thallus leafy or a fohose bush, e.g. Phyllitis. 



Creeping thallus, e.g. Caulerpa. 



Crustaceous thallus, e.g. Ralfsia. 



Thallus a hollow ball, e.g. Colpomenia. 



