SYCON 



37 



Galtsoff: The Amoeboid Movement of Dissociated Sponge Cells. Biol. 



Bull., vol. 45, 1923; Regeneration of Microciona (2 papers) Jour. Exp. 



Zool.', 42, 1925. 

 Lankester: A Treatise on Zoology, Porifera, and Ccelenterata, Pt. 2, 1900. 

 Moore: A Practical Method of Sponge Culture. Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 



28, 1908. 

 : The Commercial Sponges and the Sponge Fisheries. Bull. U. S. 



Bur. Fish., 1908. 

 Parker: The Reactions of Sponges with a Consideration of the Origin 



of the Nervous System. Jour. Exp. Zool., 8, 1910. 



: The Elementary Nervous System, 1919. 



Wilson, H. V.: On Some Phenomena of Coalescence and Regeneration 



in Sponges. Jour. Exp. Zool., 5, 1907. 

 : Development of Sponges from Dissociated Tissue Cells. Bull. 



U. S. Bur. Fish., 30, 1910. 



and Penney: The Regeneration of Microciona from Dissociated 



Cells. Jour. Exp. Zool., 56, 1930. 



SYCON (Grantia) 



This form is quite common along the New England coast, 

 where it occurs attached to rocks, seaweeds, and submerged 

 woodwork from just below the lowest tide mark to a number 

 of fathoms in depth. You should visit an old wharf where 

 specimens may be found, and study their relation to the 

 forms with which they are associated. Specimens will be 

 found to vary considerably in size. The largest sometimes 

 reach an inch in length. 



1. Examine a dry specimen and notice its general shape, 

 manner of attachment, and osculum. The osculum is sur- 

 rounded by a funnel of rather long spicules. Distributed 

 over the general surface, more or less hidden by the numerous 

 spicules, are many small pores. Their presence may be 

 demonstrated more satisfactorily later. 



2. Look for indications of budding. If your specimen 

 does not show this, examine others. 



Make an enlarged drawing of a sponge. 

 With a razor or sharp scalpel cut a dry specimen into 

 halves, with a stroke from base to osculum, and notice: 



3. The central cavity or cloaca. 



4. Many apopyles, the inner openings of tubes that are 



