16 



THE LAST CRUISE OF THE CARNEGIE 



dredgings, temperature and chemical determinations on samples 

 collected from great depths, and biological studies of the floating 

 forms of life. So thoroughly the work was done that since then 

 oceanographers have limited their operations to some special 

 region or some particular problem. 



The United States had made many important contributions 

 to the new science both before and after this voyage. Wilkes 



Magnetic-survey Work of the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism during 



1905-1926 



Cruises of the Galilee are indicated by Arabic numerals, those of the Carnegie by Roman 

 numerals; black dots show the land stations. 



made dredgings and soundings. Dana, the great naturalist, 

 carried on biological and geological studies. Maury made the 

 first systematic depth-charts, and may be said to have created 

 meteorological oceanography. Agassiz, like Dana, prosecuted 

 the biological end of the program. The larger part of this work 

 was done on ships of the United States Coast Survey. 



In recent times the advance of oceanography has been marked 

 by the establishment of marine biological laboratories through- 



