26 THE LAST CRUISE OF THE CARNEGIE 



remained aloft to tell its tales of squalls and of creaking calms. 

 New sheathing was applied to the bottom, new laboratories were 

 built on deck. A host of new instruments was put on board: 

 winch and sonic depth-finder, recording thermometer and refrig- 

 erator, generators and batteries. Whale-boats that had hung 

 on the quarter-deck were now raised to platforms amidships, to 

 clear the deck for sounding wires. 



When they had finished her, the Carnegie must have felt a 

 little self-conscious, dressed as she was in the latest styles in 

 scientific apparel — much of it imported from Berlin and London, 

 Norway and Denmark. The United States Navy had given her 

 the means for sounding the bottom without heaving to, and had 

 supplied a radio to keep her in touch with home. And it had 

 commissioned her Captain a Lieutenant Commander in the Naval 

 Reserve, as a further mark of its interest in the coming cruise. 



With all the new work in oceanography and radio, it was neces- 

 sary to abbreviate the usual magnetic program and to add two 

 members to the staff. On previous cruises duplicate methods 

 had been employed for measuring the three magnetic elements, 

 so it was now possible to select the most trustworthy and to dis- 

 pense with the others. Also, it was decided to occupy complete 

 magnetic stations only on alternate days, although declination- 

 values were to be obtained daily. This allowed the necessary 

 time for oceanographic work and for a considerable expansion of 

 the meteorological program. 



As much of the work as possible was done by specially made 

 automatic recording-devices; thus continuous records of potential- 

 gradient and conductivity were obtained photographically, and 

 humidity-changes at various levels above the sea were recorded 

 electrically. The observer had then only to compare these instru- 

 ments frequently using standard methods, and was free to take 

 up other duties. Only the long experience of the Department in 

 ocean-surveys, and the use of these recorders, made it humanly 

 possible for the staff of eight men to carry on the heavy program 

 outlined. 



The magnetic survey of the ocean which had been initiated in 

 1905 had been brought to practical completion by the end of 



