36 THE LAST CRUISE OF THE CARNEGIE 



lated recording psychrometer procured in England designed to 

 give a continuous record of "wet" and "dry" bulb temperatures 

 and from this record is calculated the degree of saturation of the 

 air by water-vapor. Another is one unit of an electrical resist- 

 ance-psychrometer, which measures the humidity at three heights 

 over the ocean — on deck, at the main crosstrees, and at the 

 masthead. In the control-room, which we shall visit later, is 

 the automatic recorder for these three pairs of electric thermom- 

 eters which registers at intervals of thirty seconds the six 

 wet- and dry -bulb temperatures in consecutive order. The third 

 is of German make, and has very accurate thermometers. It 

 is ventilated by clock-work, and is read directly by the eye of 

 the observer. This is used daily to check the accuracy of the 

 other two. 



In the shelter is also kept the little instrument for measuring 

 wind-velocity — the anemometer — as well as the standard sea- 

 surface thermometer and other meteorological equipment. 



Walking aft a few feet we stand at the steering gear of the ship. 

 There is no cozy wheel-house on the bridge for the quartermaster 

 of a sailing ship ! He must stand at the very stern, with an un- 

 obstructed view of the sails. When sailing "by the wind" his 

 eye is glued to the weather-side of the uppermost sail; he keeps 

 it drawing a trace of wind, but never lets it fill. It is true that 

 the Carnegie had a "bridge," but this was used only by the pilot 

 when entering or leaving port, and by the lookout during the 

 night. 



The steering gear itself is a constant source of interest to 

 visitors, for it is one of the many features of the old-time wind- 

 jammer to be found on the Carnegie. The whole mechanism is 

 operated by hand; a whirl of the wheel to starboard brings the 

 helm to port and turns the ship itself to starboard. The old- 

 fashioned method of giving orders to the steersman, calling "port" 

 or "starboard," almost wrecked us one day in Samoa, when a 

 shore pilot in a tight place overlooked the fact that we did not 

 use the modern code in which the order refers to the ship's head 

 and not to the helm. The binnacle, which stands before the man 

 at the wheel, is also a carry-over from bygone days, for the com- 



