GLOSSARY 21 



Farinose. Covered with a mealiness. 



Flexuous. Bent alternately in and out and thus irregular in outline; used in 

 describing the exciples of certain apothecia. 



Foliose. Flat and more or less leaflike; applied to thalli. 



Fruticose. Shrublike in form; applied to thalli. 



Gelatinized. Transformed into a jellylike mass. 



Granulose. Composed of small or minute granules; applied to certain thalli. 



Gymnocarpic. Having an open disk, the exciple not being produced so as to cover 

 the disk. 



Haustorium. An expanded or a branched area of a hypha, entering or closely 

 applied to an algal cell from which it secures nourishment. 



Hyaline. Colorless or transparent. 



Hymenium. The portion of the ascocarp composed of the asci and the paraphyses. 



Hypha. One of the septate, cylindrical, and branched filaments of the fungus. 



Hyphal rhizoid. A hypha which penetrates the substratum and performs the 

 function of a rhizoid. 



Hypolithic. Below the surface of rocks. 



Hypophloeodal. Below the surface of bark. 



Hypothallus. The first growth of the hyphae, before any differentiation has 

 taken place, often persisting as a colored layer below or surrounding a few 

 lichen thalli. 



Hypothecium. The dense hyphal or plectenchymatous tissue below the hyme- 

 nium. 



Immersed. Sunken into the thallus or the substratum. 



Isidioid. See coralloid. 



Lecideoid. Resembling the species of Lecidea of the section Eulecidea; used with 

 special reference to the apothecial structure. 



Leprose. Scurfy; said of certain thalli. 



Mazaedium. Powdery mass of spores as in Caliciales. 



Medulla. The network of hyphae in the interior of well-developed thalli. 



Muriform. Resembling bricks in a wall; applied to spores which are both trans- 

 versely and longitudinally septate. 

 Nutant. Nodding. 



Ostiole. The aperture at the summit of a perithecium, through which the spores 

 escape. 



Paraphysis. One of the specialized, simple, or more commonly branched hyphae, 

 occurring in the hymenium. 



Perithecial wall. Exciple of the angiocarpic lichens, inclosing the hymenium, 

 except for the apical ostiole. 



Perithecium. A closed ascocarp. opening only at the apex. 



Phyllocladium. A small, specialized, and highly assimilative branch of a fruti- 

 cose thallus. 



Pileate. Referring to the pileus-like thallus of certain Hymenolichenes. 

 Plectenchyma. Pseudoparenchyma of fungi. 



Plectenchymatous. Referring to structures composed of plectenchyma. 

 Podetium. An alga-bearing branched or unbranched stalk, rising from the primary 



or horizontal thallus in certain lichens and bearing the ascocarp. 

 Polar. As applied to cells of 1 -septate spores which are widely separated, situated 



at the opposite ends of the spore. 

 Proliferation. Used in describing species of Cladonia with reference to the 



production of podetia from the side or top of other podetia. 



