1. Verrucaria ] 1. VERRUCARIACEAE 33 



19. Verrucaria viridula (Schrad.,) Ach., Meth. Lich. Suppl. 16. 1803. 

 Endocarpum viridulum Schrad., Spic. Fl. Germ. 192. pi. 2, f . 4. 1794. V.nigre- 



scens var. viridula Nyl. 



Superficial thallus rather thick, chinky-areolate, dark olive-green to greenish 

 brown; perithecia small, 0.2-0.45 mm. across, at first largely immersed in raised 

 places, later becoming exposed, the superficial portion subconoid, black; spores 

 ovoid-ellipsoid, 21-32 X 10-15 fi. (Plate la.) 



On rocks, Vermont, Ohio, Illinois, Minnesota, and California. 



20. Verrucaria dacryodes Nyl.; Hasse, Bull. South. Calif. Acad. 2:73. 1903. 

 Thallus thin, widespread, smooth, minutely chinky, greenish black to dark 



olive-green; perithecia minute to small, 0.2-0.3 mm. across, immersed except the 

 black ostiole, the wall dimidiate; spores ovoid to ovoid-oblong, 15-20 X 6.5-11 jx. 

 On argillaceous rocks, southern California. 



21. Verrucaria calciseda Lam. & DC, Fl. Fr. ed. 3. 2:317. 1805. 



Superficial thallus thin, widespread, sometimes disappearing, powdery, grayish 

 white; perithecia minute to small, 0.1-0.2 mm. across, partly immersed in pits in 

 the substratum, the superficial portion commonly convex, brownish black to black; 

 spores ovoid-ellipsoid, 20-24 X 8-11 fx. 



On calcareous rocks, southern California. 



f. fuscospora Herre, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 12:42. 1910. 



Superficial thallus very thin, whitish, and powdery, widespread or disappear- 

 ing; perithecia small, 0.15-0.4 mm. across, numerous, immersed to slightly pro- 

 truding, the superficial portion flat to subhemispherical, black; spores ovoid, 

 hyaline to dark brown, 9-15 X 18-28 /x. 



On limestone, Santa Cruz Peninsula, California. 



22. Verrucaria rupestris Schrad., Spic. Fl. Germ. 1:109. 1794. 

 V. muralis Ach. 



Superficial thallus thin, sometimes disappearing, smooth, chinky or becoming 

 scurfy and slightly granulose or powdery, widespread, whitish to gray or brownish; 

 perithecia minute to small, 0.15-0.35 mm. across, the superficial portion convex 

 to hemispherical, black; spores oblong-ellipsoid, 16-30 X 6-12 p.. 



On rocks, from New England and New York westward to California. 



23. Verrucaria marmorea (Scop.) Arnold, Flora 68:73. 1885. 



Lichen marmoreus Scop., Fl. Cam. 2:367. 1772. V. rupestris var. purpurascens 

 (Hoffm.) Schaer. V. purpurascens Hoffm. 



Superficial thallus thin, widespread, slightly powdery, purplish to rose-red or 

 pink; perithecia small to middle-sized, 0.2-0.4 mm. across, immersed in pits in 

 the substratum, the superficial portion flat or sometimes protruding slightly, 

 black; spores oblong-ovoid, 16-23 X 7-12 //,. 



On rocks, the Carolinas, Alabama, and Tennessee. 



OTHER SPECIES REPORTED 



Verrucaria caerulea (Ram.) Lam. & DC. — Eastern United States. 



Verrucaria fusconigricans Nyl. — Texas. 



Verrucaria glaucina subsp. canella A. L. Smith — California. 



Verrucaria melas Herre — California. 



Verrucaria perpusilla Russell — North America. 



Verrucaria ruderella Nyl. — Tennessee. 



Verrucaria Sprucei Bab. — North America. 



Verrucaria Stanfordi Herre — California. 



Verrucaria terebrata (Mudd.) Leight. — California. 



Verrucaria umbrinula Nvl. — Illinois. 



