38 2. DERMATOCARPACEAE [9. Normandina 



A. Thallus with poorly developed cortex 9. Normandina 



A. Thallus with well-developed, plectenchymatous cortex 



B. Spores non-septate, hyaline 10. Dermatocarpon 



B. Spores septate 



C. Spores transversely septate 11. Heterocarpon 



C. Spores transversely and longitudinally septate .... 12. Endocarpon 



9. Normandina Nyl., Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherb. 3:191. 1855. 



Thallus scaly or squamulose, the scales or squamules round, more or less lobed, 

 adnate or ascending, showing a poorly developed upper cortex, attached to the 

 substratum by rhizoids; perithecia minute to small, immersed, indicated by the 

 small ostiole, the wall complete; hypothecium hyaline to brown; hymenium hyaline 

 or brownish above; paraphyses wanting; asci clavate; spores 6-8, hyaline to 

 brownish, oblong to cylindrical, 5-7- or more-septate. 



The algal host is Pleurococcus. 



1. Normandina pulchella (Borr.) Nyl., Ann. Sci. Bot. IV. 15:382. 1861. 



Verrucaria pulchella Borr., in Sowerby, Engl. Bot. Suppl. 1:2602. 1831. N. Jun- 

 germanniae Nyl. N. lactevirens (Borr.) Nyl. 



Thallus adnate, composed of round or round-lobulate, concave, imbricated, 

 often concentrically wrinkled, marginally ascending and slightly recurved, often 

 sorediate, greenish to greenish gray squamules; whitish to pale brownish below 

 and bearing short rhizoids; perithecia rare, immersed in raised areas, indicated by 

 a small, black ostiole; spores 8, cylindrical, 6-7-septate, hyaline to brownish. 

 28-40 X 6-10 ft. 



On trees, from New England to South Carolina. 



10. Dermatocarpon E. Fries, Syst. Orb. Veg. 259. 1825. 



Thallus foliose, small and closely adnate to larger and attached by an umbilicus, 

 upper cortex thin, lower cortex better developed, with algal and medullary layers 

 between, squamulose, the squamules thin to thick, smooth to rough, irregularly 

 lobed; perithecia minute to small, immersed 1-several in each areole or squamule. 

 the superficial portion subcorneal, black, or only the minute ostiole visible, the 

 wall dimidiate; paraphyses gelatinizing and becoming coherent; asci cylindrico- 

 clavate to ventricose; spores 8, rarely 16, hyaline, non-septate, subglobose to 

 oblong-ellipsoid. 



The algal host is Pleurococcus. 



A. Thallus umbilicate 



B. Thallus large, lobes wrinkled 

 C. Thallus grayish to brownish 



D. Lower surface densely covered with villous rhizoids . . 7. D. Moulinsii 

 D. Lower surface minutely papillose ... 7. D. Moulinsii subpapillosum 

 C. Thallus ashy or bluish gray to dusky brown 

 D. Olive to blackish brown below 



E. Thallus deeply divided 1. D. miniatum complicatum 



E. Thallus not deeply divided 1. D. miniatum 



D. Reticulated and often yellowish 



brown below 1. D. miniatum fulvofuscum 



B. Thallus small to middle-sized, lobes smooth 2. D. aquaticum 



A. Thallus more or less closely adnate 

 B. Thallus areolate to squamulose 



C. Becoming plainly squamulose toward the margin . . . . 6. D. cinereum 

 C. Not squamulose toward the margin 



D. Perithecia 0.1-0.2 mm. across 13. D. lecideoides 



D. Perithecia 0.8-l.S mm. across 10. D. Zahlbruckneri 



B. Thallus distinctly squamulose 



C. Spores not more than 18 //. in length 



D. Spores spherical 5. D. acarosporoides 



D. Spores ellipsoid 



E. Thallus bearing rhizoids below 



F. Pale with blackening rhizoids 11. D. arboreum 



F. Black and densely covered with rhizoids . . . 4. D. hepaticum 



