o8 U. CALICIACEAE [36. Chaenotheca 



apothecia borne on the tip of the stipe, cup-shaped to top-shaped, usually with a 

 proper exciple. 



The algal hosts are Protococcus, Pleurococcus, and Stichococcus. 



A. Spores septate 



B. Spores 1 -septate 



C. Parasitic on other lichens 39. Caliciella 



C. Not parasitic on other lichens 37. Calicrim 



B. Spores 3- rarely 7-septate 41. Stenocybe 



A. Spores non-septate 



B. Parasitic on other lichens 42. Sphinctrina 



B. Not parasitic on other lichens 

 C. Spores brown 



D. Thallus inconspicuous; spores ovoid to ellipsoid . . 38. Mycocalicium 

 D. Thallus thin to thick, minutely granulose; spores 



spherical or subspherical 36. Chaenotheca 



C. Spores hyaline 40. Coniocybe 



36. Chaenotheca T. Fries, Gen. Het. Eur. 102. 1861. 



Thallus rudimentary, with definite layers, thin to moderately thick, minutely 

 granulose, or warty, stipes short to long, brown to black; apothecia minute, globose 

 to top-shaped, the disk convex to fiat, brown to black, or rarely lighter, the 

 exciple thin, usually colored like the disk; hypothecium dark brown; paraphyses 

 unbranched or branched, more or less coherent and indistinct; asci cylindrical; 

 spores 8, brown, non-septate, spherical or subspherical. 



The algal host is Cystococcus, Stichococcus, or Pleurococcus. 



A. Thallus very thin, minutely granulose, soon disappearing 



B. Thallus ashy to greenish, the exciple ashy pruinose below . . 4. C. brunneola 

 B. Thallus whitish to yellowish, the exciple brownish black . . 3. C. melanophaea 

 A. Thallus thin to moderately thick, more or less granulose, 

 rarely disappearing 



B. Thallus ashy to yellowish or greenish; stipes rarely pruinose 

 and exciple sometimes pruinose below 

 C. Thallus moderately thick, subgranulose; stipes paler 



below 2. C. phaeocephala 



C. Thallus thinner, scurfy to almost squamulose ; stipes brown 



to black 5. C. trichialis 



B. Thallus yellowish green to lemon-yellow; stipes and exciple 



more or less greenish pruinose 1. C. chrysocephala 



1. Chaenotheca chrysocephala (Turn.) T. Fries, Gen. Het. Eur. 102. 1801. 

 Lichen chrysocephalus Turn., Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 7:88. pi. 8, f. 1. 1804. 



Calicium chrysocephalum (Turn.) Ach. C. chrysocephala f. filaris (Ach.) 

 Blombg. & Forss. 

 Thallus granulose-verrucose, yellowish green to lemon-yellow, conglomerate to 

 scattered; stipes becoming elongated, dark brown to black, sometimes obscurely 

 greenish pruinose; apothecia minute, 0.1-0.25 mm. across, spheroidal to top-shaped, 

 the disk convex to finally fiat, dark brown, the exciple brownish black, or yellowish 

 green pruinose, the disk being also pruinose in young conditions; hypothecium 

 dark brown; asci cylindrical; spores 3-6 /a in diameter. 



On bark and wood of conifers, Massachusetts and Minnesota. 



2. Chaenotheca phaeocephala (Turn.) T. Fries, Nov. Act. Soc. Sci. Ups. III. 



3:351. 1861. 

 Lichen phaeocephalus Turn., Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 8:260. pi. 6, f. 1. 1807. 

 Calicium phaeocephalum (Turn.) E. Fries. C. phaeocephala var. trabinella 

 (J. Smith) Fink. 

 Thallus moderately thick, subgranulose, ashy to dusty yellow, sometimes be- 

 coming scattered and finally disappearing; stipes becoming long, brownish black, 

 or paler toward the base, sometimes thinly yellowish green pruinose, especially 



