37. Calicium] 11. CALICIACEAE 69 



toward the top; apothecia minute, 0.15-0.3 mm. across, spherical to top-shaped, 

 the disk finally convex and dark brown, the exciple of the same color or yellowish 

 green pruinose; hypothecium dark brown; spores spherical, brown, 3-6 li in di- 

 ameter. 



On decorticate trees or wood, especially on conifers, New England and Minne- 

 sota. 



3. Chaenotheca melanophaea (Ach.) Zwackh., Flora 45:535. 1862. 



Calicium melanophaeum Ach., Vet. Akad. Handl. 1816:276. pi. 8, f. 8. 1816. 



Thallus verrucose, whitish to yellowish, disappearing; stipes of moderate size 

 and length, black; apothecia minute, 0.15-0.4 mm. across, top-shaped, the disk 

 flat to convex, dark brown to black, the exciple brownish black, usually indistinct; 

 spores pale brown, varying much in size, 2.5-8 ll in diameter. 



On pine bark, Michigan. 



4. Chaenotheca brunneola (Ach.) Mull. Arg., Mem. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. 



Geneve 16 s : 360. 1862. 



Calicium brunneolum Ach., Vet. Akad. Handl. 1816:297. 1816. 



Thallus minutely granulose, ashy to greenish, very thin and evanescent; stipes 

 black, very long and slender; apothecia minute, 0.1-0.25 mm. across, globose- 

 lenticular, the disk and the exciple dark brown, or the latter ashy pruinose below; 

 hypothecium dark brown; asci cylindrical; spores 2.5-5 ll in diameter. 



On old wood, New England and Minnesota. Possibly too near C. trichialis 

 (Ach.) T. Fries. 



5. Chaenotheca trichialis (Ach.) T. Fries, Nov. Act. Soc. Sci. Ups. III. 3:351. 



1861. 



Calicium trichiale Ach., Kgl. Vet. Akad. Nya Handl. 283. 1808. 



Thallus of minute, ashy, yellowish, or greenish, clustered, or more often scat- 

 tered, squamiform granules, or reduced to a scurfy condition; stipes brown to 

 black, of medium length; apothecia minute, 0.1-0.25 mm. across, globose-lenticular, 

 the disk and the exciple dark brown, or ashy pruinose below; hypothecium dark 

 brown; asci cylindrical; spores spheroidal, 2.5-5 ll in diameter. 



On decorticate trees, Massachusetts and Minnesota. C. trichialis var. cinerea 

 (Pers.) Blombg. & Forss. and C. trichialis var. stemonea (Ach.) Blombg. & Forss. 

 are scarcely distinct. 



37. Calicium Pers., Ann. Bot. Usteri 1:20. 1794. 



Thallus usually smooth, inconspicuous and sometimes evanescent, but occa- 

 sionally reaching granulose or verrucose conditions, rarely with the margins lobed; 

 apothecia blackish, black, or more or less lighter pruinose, a proper exciple present, 

 but no thalloid exciple; stipes well developed; asci cylindrical or cylindrico- 

 clavate; spores 8, paler or darker brown, plainly or obscurely 1-septate, often 

 constricted, usually uniseriate. 



The algal host is Cystococcus. 



A. Thallus yellowish 



B. Thallus more or less intersected by the black hypothallus . 2. C. leucochlorum 

 B. Thallus not intersected by the black hypothallus .... 1. C.hyperellum 

 A. Thallus whitish, grayish, or greenish gray 



B. Exciple brownish black to black or rarely somewhat pruinose 

 C. Disk more or less pruinose 



D. Spores 7-12 X 4-6 ft 4. C. abietinum 



D. Spores 5-9 X 3-5 n 3. C. lenticulare 



C. Disk not pruinose 



D. Stipes very short to short 



E. Thallus black; stipes white to reddish or black ... 6. C. Curtisii 



E. Thallus grayish white; stipes blackish 7. C.populneum 



D. Stipes of medium length or elongated 



E. Apothecia 0.1-0.2 mm. across 8. C. pusillum 



E. Apothecia 0.2-0.5 mm. across 5. C. trachelinum 



