43. Cyphelium] 12. CYPHELIACEAE 75 



2. Sphinctrina microcephala (J. E. Smith) Nyl., Mem. Imp. Soc. Sci. Nat. 

 Cherb. 3:168. 1855. 

 Lichen microcephalia J. E. Smith, Engl. Bot. 26: pi. 1865. 1808. S. tubaeformis 



Mass. 

 Mycelium imbedded in the lichen host and therefore invisible; stipes very 

 short and scarcely visible; apothecia minute to small, 0.1-0.3 mm. across, spherical 

 to top-shaped, dull black; spores ellipsoid, 9-14 X 6-8.5 jx. 



On Pertusaria lecanina and Pertusaria pustulata, Florida and California. 



OTHER SPECIES REPORTED 

 Sphinctrina leucopoda Nyl. — Virginia. 



12. CYPHELIACEAE 



Thallus crustose, partly within the substratum, rudimentary to more or less 

 developed, showing little or no differentiation; apothecia sessile to adnate, with 

 proper and thalloid exciples or with only a thalloid one. 



The algal hosts are Pleurococcus, Protococcus, and Trentepohlia. 



A. Spores non-septate 44. Cypheliopsis 



A. Spores septate 



B. Spores 1-septate 43. Cyphelium 



B. Spores 3 -septate 45. Pyrgilltjs 



43. Cyphelium Ach., Vet. Akad. Handl. 263. 1815. 



Thallus smooth to roughened, granulose, verrucose, or areolate, with margins 

 lobed in some species; stipes very short or wanting; apothecia immersed in the 

 thallus or wholly or partly superficial, a thalloid exciple present, and sometimes 

 a proper one within; paraphyses unbranched or but little branched; hypothecium 

 brown; asci cylindrical; spores brown, 1-septate, usually constricted, 8, uniseriate. 



The algal hosts are Protococcus and Pleurococcus. 



A. Parasitic on lichens 10. C sessile 



A. On rocks, soil, or wood 



B. Thallus yellow or yellowish green 



C Spores 6-9 X 3-4 m 2. Clucidum 



C Spores 14-24 X 7-11 m 1. C tigillare 



B. Thallus greenish gray to ashy or whitish, rarely yellowish 

 C Spores not over 14 /t in length 



D. Thallus whitish; apothecia sessile; spores 7-9 /i wide . 3. C ventricosulum 

 D. Thallus greenish gray to ashy ; apothecia immersed to 



adnate; spores 5-6 fi wide 4. C chloroconium 



C Spores usually 14 fi or more in length 

 D. Spores 10-18 /t or more wide 



E. Apothecia 0.6-1 mm. across; spores 



20-40 X 16-30 fi 8. C Sancti Jacobi 



E. Apothecia 2-3 mm. across; spores 18-25 X 10-18/*; 



margin plainly lobed 9. C californicum 



D. Spores not over 12 n wide 



E. Thallus continuous, becoming rough and 



finally areolate 5. C carolinianum 



E. Thallus granulose or verrucose to areolate, or scattered 



F. Disk flat to convex; spores 14-22 X 8-12 tt ... 6. CFarlowii 

 F. Disk flat; spores 12-20 X 7-12 /i 7. C inquinans 



1. Cyphelium tigillare Ach., Vet. Akad. Handl. 1815:266. 1815. 



Lichen tigillaris Ach., Lich. Suec. 67. 1798. Acolium tigillare (Ach.) S. F. Gray. 



Thallus well developed, yellowish green, or greenish yellow, chinky to areolate, 

 or rarely granulose; apothecia minute to small, 0.3-0.5 mm. across, immersed often 

 in raised areas, or becoming superficial, the disk dull black, flat to concave, the 

 proper exciple black; asci cylindrical; spores constricted toward the septum, 

 14-24 X 7-1 1 p. 



On boards, posts, and other old wood, throughout eastern United States, and 

 westward to Wyoming, and in California. 



