76 12. CYPHELIACEAE [43. Cyphelium 



2. Cyphelium lucidum T. Fries, Gen. Heter. 101. 1861. 



Trachylia lucida T. Fries, Ofv. Vet. Akad. Forh. 12:18. pi. 1, f. 4. 1855. Acolium 

 lucidum (T. Fries) Rabh. Calicium viridulum Schaer. 



Thallus well developed, lemon-yellow, vetrucose, and usually subareolate, con- 

 tinuous or scattered, the margins sometimes lobed; apothecia minute to small, 

 0.3-0.5 mm. across, extending above the thallus, the disk flat, bluish green pruinose 

 to black, the exciple black, becoming raised ; spores oblong, 6-9 X 3-4 /x. 



On bark and old wood of conifers, northern Minnesota. 



3. Cyphelium ventricosulum (Mull. Arg.) Zahlbr., in E. & P., Nat. Pfl. l':84. 



1907. 



Acolium ventricosulum Mull. Arg., Flora 74:108. 1891. 



Thallus thin, closely adhering to the substratum, minutely granulose, scattered 

 or continuous, white, often seated upon a concolorate, soon disappearing hypo- 

 thallus; apothecia minute to small, sessile, round to irregular, the disk punctiform 

 to flat, brownish black, the exciple thin, colored like the disk, subcrenulate ; spores 

 8, brown, broadly ellipsoid, with both ends round or obtuse, 1 -septate, slightly 

 constricted at the septum, 12-14 X 1-9 p.. 



On trees, Oregon. 



Have seen no specimens; description adapted from one by Zahlbruckner based 

 on original specimen. Zahlbruckner puts this under Pyrgillus in his description. 



4. Cyphelium chloroconium (Tuck.) Zahlbr., Cat. Lich. Univ. 1:664. 1922. 

 Acolium chloroconium Tuck., Lich. Calif. 28. 1866. 



Thallus thin, greenish gray to ashy, wrinkled to chinky and areolate, contin- 

 uous to more rarely scattered; apothecia minute to small, 0.3-0.6 mm. across, 

 partly immersed to adnate, the disk flat, black, or somewhat grayish pruinose, the 

 thalloid exciple thin, prominent, finally disappearing; spores short-ellipsoid, con- 

 stricted, 7-12 X 5-6 /a. 



On trees, southern California. 



5. Cyphelium carolinianum (Tuck.) Zahlbr., in E. & P., Nat. Pfl. 1 1 :84. 1907. 



Acolium carolinianum Tuck., Gen. Lich. 237. 1872. 



Thallus well developed, gray to yellowish, continuous, becoming rough, chinky, 

 and finally areolate; apothecia small, 0.5-1.5 mm. across, immersed in slightly 

 raised areas, the disk flat to convex, black, the proper exciple indistinct; spores 

 ellipsoid, 12-18 X 7-9 ft. 



On logs and rails, the Carolinas and Florida. 



6. Cyphelium Farlowii (Tuck.) Herre, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 12:61,62. 1910. 



Acolium Farlowii Tuck.; Herre, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 12:61,62. 1910. 



Thallus greenish gray to ashy, chinky to areolate, becoming warty, well devel- 

 oped, and continuous to thinner and scattered; apothecia small to middle-sized, 

 0.5-1.5 mm, across, elevated, the disk flat to slightly convex, dull black, some- 

 times obscurely whitish pruinose, the proper exciple rudimentary and indistinct; 

 spores oblong, constricted, 14-22 X 8-12 \x. 



On old wood, California and Oregon. 



7. Cyphelium inquinans (J. E. Smith) Trevis., Flora 45:4. 1862. 



Lichen inquinans J. E. Smith, in Sowerby, Engl. Bot. 12: pi. 810. 1801. Acolium 

 tympanellum (Ach.) S. F. Gray. 



Thallus granulose, or verrucose and chinky to subareolate, ashy to greenish 

 gray, well developed and continuous to thinner and scattered; apothecia small, 

 0.5-1 mm. across, usually elevated, the disk flat, dull black or obscurely gray- 

 pruinose, a thin pruinose or darkening thalloid exciple surrounding the thin, brown, 

 proper one; spores oblong, constricted, 12-20 X 7-12 ft. 



On trees and old wood, California, Montana, and Washington. 



