45. Pyrgillus] 12. CYPHELIACEAE 77 



8. Cyphelium Sancti Jacobi (Tuck.) Zahlbr., Cat. Lich. Univ. 1:670. 1922. 

 Acolium Sancti Jacobi Tuck., Bull. Torr. Club 10:22. 1883. 



Thallus well developed, whitish, granulose, finally forming a chinky crust; 

 apothecia middle-sized, 0.6-1 mm. across, more or less nearly top-shaped, the disk 

 elevated, convex to flat, yellowish green pruinose to black, the thalloid exciple 

 prominent, becoming crenate; spores spherical to short-ellipsoid, 20-40 X 16-30 /x. 



On soil, California. 



9. Cyphelium californicum (Tuck.) Zahlbr., in E. & P., Nat. Pfl. l a :84. 1907. 



Trachylia calif omica Tuck., Proc. Am. Acad. 6:263. 1866. Acolium californi- 

 cum Tuck. 



Thallus well developed, ashy to yellowish, chinky to areolate and verrucose, 

 continuous with plainly lobed margin; apothecia large, 2-3 mm. across, immersed, 

 the disk fiat to slightly convex, black, the thalloid exciple thin, becoming crenate; 

 spores 18-25 X 10-18 fx. 



On rocks and old wood, California and Florida. 



10. Cyphelium sessile (Pers.) Trev., Flora 45:4. 1862. 



Calicium sessile Pers., Tent. Disp. Meth. Fung. 59. 1797. Trachylia stigonella 



(Ach.) E. Fries. 

 Thallus within the host and invisible; apothecia minute to small, 0.25-0.5 mm. 

 across, adnate, the disk flat, black, the exciple thin, black or sometimes whitish 

 pruinose, at last disappearing; spores ellipsoid with round ends, slightly con- 

 stricted, 9-17 X 7-10 /*. 



On thalli of Pertusaria sp., New England. Only one specimen studied and that 

 from England. 



OTHER SPECIES REPORTED 



Cyphelium Andersoni Herre — California. 



44. Cypheliopsis Vainio, Acta Soc. Faun. Flor. Fenn. 57:16. 1927. 



Thallus smooth to granulose, warty or areolate, sometimes lobed at the margins, 

 devoid of differentiation into layers; stipes very short, usually wanting; apothecia 

 immersed, the disk flat to convex, the exciple colored like the thallus, often in- 

 distinct and sometimes surrounded by a thin thalloid one; hypothecium brownish 

 to brown; hymenium hyaline or brownish above; paraphyses rarely branched; asci 

 cylindrical; spores 8, brown, non-septate, spherical. 



The algal host is Protococcus or Pleurococcus. 



1. Cypheliopsis Bolanderi (Tuck.) Vainio, Acta Soc. Faun. Flor. Fenn. 57:16. 

 1927. 



Acolium Bolanderi Tuck., Lich. Calif. 27. 1866. 



Thallus well developed, yellowish ashy, verrucose, chinky to areolate, continuous 

 or scattered, sometimes obscurely lobed, often bordered more or less by a blacken- 

 ing base; apothecia small, 0.5-1 mm. across, immersed in conspicuously raised 

 areas, the disk flat to convex, black, the proper exciple indistinct; hypothecium 

 light brown; spores 9-17 /x in diameter. 



On rocks, California. 



45. Pyrgillus Nyl., Flora 42:44. 1859. 



Thallus thin, devoid of differentiation; apothecia immersed, conico-cylindrical, 

 broad at the base and tapering slightly upward, the disk flat, brown to black; hypo- 

 thecium brown; asci cylindrical; spores 8, dark brown, 3-septate, the cells lenticu- 

 lar and the septa thick. 



The algal host is Trentepohlia. 



A. Thallus greenish gray; thalioid exciple pruinose 1. P. javanicus 



A. Thallus whitish; thalloid exciple not pruinose 2. P.americanus 



