78 13. SPHAEROPHORACEAE [46. Sphaerophorus 



1. Pyrgillus javanicus Nyl., Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherb. 5:334. 1857. 



Calicium javanicum (Nyl.) Mont. & Bosch. 



Thallus thin, greenish gray, smooth or becoming rough, sometimes granulose, 

 continuous; apothecia small, 0.4-0.6 mm. across, the disk flat, black, the proper 

 exciple thick, surrounded by a thin, pruinose, thalloid one; hypothecium thick and 

 dark brown; spores ovoid-oblong, 9-15 X 7—8.5 /x. 



On trees, South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana. 



2. Pyrgillus americanus Nyl., Syn. Meth. Lich. 1:168. pi. 5, f. 36. 1860. 



Thallus thin, whitish, granulose, continuous or scattered; apothecia small, 0.4- 

 0.6 mm. across, the disk flat, black, the proper exciple thick, surrounded by a thin 

 thalloid one; spores oblong-ellipsoid, 11-18 X 6-8 ti. 



On trees, Louisiana. 



13. SPHAEROPHORACEAE 



Thallus foliose to fruticose, showing more or less differentiation into cortical, 

 algal, and medullary layers; apothecia adnate to sessile, laterally or terminally on 

 the lobes or branches of the thallus, or borne within a thalloid receptacle at the 

 tips of the branches, disklike, with a thalloid exciple or more or less inclosed. 



The algal host is Protococcus. 



46. Sphaerophorus Pers., Ann. Bot. Usteri 7:23. 1794. 



Thallus fruticose, more or less erect, branched, the branches smooth to rough, 

 the cortex more or less cartilaginous, the medullary tissue forming a solid central 

 cylinder surrounded by the algal layer; apothecia middle-sized to large, borne 

 within thalloid receptacles on the tips of the branches, the receptacle opening more 

 or less irregularly above, the disk more or less concave to flat; hypothecium hyaline; 

 hymenium hyaline or brownish above; paraphyses fragile; asci clavate; spores 8, 

 hyaline, with thin, black, dustlike covering, spherical, non-septate. 



The algal host is Protococcus. 



A. Thallus loosely branched, the branches bearing coralloid branchlets 2. S. globosus 



A. Thallus dichotomously branched, the branches smooth 1. S. fragilis 



1. Sphaerophorus fragilis (L.) Pers., Ann. Bot. Usteri 7:23. 1794. 



Lichen fragilis L., Sp. PI. 1154. 1753. 



Thallus nearly erect, dichotomously branched, grayish white to brownish or 

 brown, the branches densely crowded, round, short, smooth; apothecia middle- 

 sized to large, 0.8-2.5 mm. across, borne within thalloid receptacles on the apices 

 of the branches, the receptacle irregularly opening above, the disk concave to flat, 

 black; asci clavate; spores spherical, 7—16 /x across. 



On soil and rocks, Maine and New Hampshire. 



2. Sphaerophorus globosus (Huds.) Vainio, Result. Voy. S. Y. Belgica Bot. 35. 



1903. 



Lichen globosus Huds., Flora Ang. 1:460. 1762. S. coralloides Pers. S. globi- 

 jerns (L.) Lam. & DC. 



Thallus erect, loosely branched, ashy gray to brownish or reddish brown, the 

 branches numerous, round, rather short, bearing many lateral, coralloid branchlets; 

 apothecia middle-sized to large, 0.5-2 mm. across, borne within thalloid receptacles 

 on the apices of the branches, the receptacle irregularly opening above, the disk 

 concave to almost flat, black; asci clavate; spores spherical, 8-15 /x across. 



On soil, rocks, and trees, Maine, New Hampshire, Washington, Oregon, and 

 California. 



14. ARTHONIACEAE 



Thallus crustose, partly within the substratum, devoid of differentiation into 

 layers, attached to the substratum by hyphal rhizoids; apothecia round, linear, or 



