53. Graphis] 15. GRAPHIDACEAE 109 



proper exciple black, covered laterally by a thin, rarely disappearing, thalloid one; 

 hypothecium hyaline; spores ellipsoid, 5-9-septate, 1 8-40 X 6-9 /*. 

 On trees, Florida, Alabama, and Louisiana. 



14. Graphis intricata Fee, Essai Crypt. 42. pi. 9, f. 3. 1824. 

 G. assimilis Nyl. 



Thallus thin, smooth, pale greenish gray to ashy; apothecia short to much 

 elongated but narrow, 1-8 X 0.15-0.25 mm., partly immersed to adnate, straight, 

 curved, or flexuous, infrequently 1 to several times branched, the disk closed or 

 slightly open and black, the proper exciple black, covered more or less by a 

 finally disappearing thalloid one; hypothecium brownish black; spores ellipsoid, 

 5-13-septate, 20-46X6-8/*. 



On trees, New Jersey, Florida, Alabama, and Louisiana. 



15. Graphis eulectra Tuck., Lich. Calif. 34. 1866. 

 Phaeographis eulectra (Tuck.) Zahlbr. 



Thallus thin to moderately thick, smooth to obscurely rough, pale greenish 

 gray to ashy; apothecia short to somewhat long, becoming rather wide, 0.6-4 or 

 5 X 0.2-0.5 mm., immersed more or less, straight to curved or flexuous, the disk 

 closed to narrowly open and black, the proper exciple black, or sometimes whitish 

 pruinose, inflexed, bordered laterally by a thalloid one; hypothecium hyaline; 

 asci becoming saccate-inflated; spores 4-8, oblong-ellipsoid, 5-13-septate, 25—38 X 

 6-9 ju,, often placed parallel, finally becoming brownish or pale brown, shriveled, 

 and strongly coherent. 



On trees, Vermont and Illinois. 



16. Graphis scripta (L.) Ach., Vet. Akad. Nya Handl. 145. 1809. 



Lichen scriptus L., Sp. PI. 1140. 1753. G. scripta var. serpentina (Ach.) Meyer. 



Thallus thin, smooth to obscurely rough or wrinkled, greenish gray to whitish, 

 yellowish, or olive-green; apothecia long and narrow, 1-5 or more X 0.12-0.25 mm., 

 immersed to partly immersed, straight to curved and flexuous, infrequently 1 or 

 2 times branched, the disk closed to open and sordid black or grayish pruinose, 

 the exciple black and covered laterally by a thin, rarely disappearing, thalloid 

 one; hypothecium hyaline; spores long-ellipsoid, 5-1 1-septate, 20-50 X 6.5-12 /x. 

 (Plate 3 b.) 



On trees, throughout the United States. 

 var. pulverulenta (Pers.) Ach., Syn. Meth. Lich. 82. 1814. 



Opegrapha pulverulenta Pers., Ann. Bot. Usteri 7:29. pi. 1, f. 2. 1794. 



Thallus thicker, paler, crumbling, and becoming finely powdery above; apothe- 

 cia completely immersed or only slightly emergent. 



On trees, West Virginia, Louisiana, Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota, and Washington. 



var. topographica (Willd.) Zahlbr., Cat. Lich. Univ. 2:350-52. 1924. 



Verrucaria topographica Willd., Berol. Prod. 370. pi. 7, f. 14. 1787. G. scripta 

 var. recta (Schaer.) Rabenh. 



Thallus poorly developed; apothecia long, straight, and parallel, or nearly so, 

 4-10 mm. in length. 



On trees, especially birches, throughout northern United States, 

 var. limitata (Pers.) Ach., Vet. Akad. Nya Handl. 1809:146. 1809. 



Opegrapha limitata Pers., Ann. Bot. Usteri 7:30. 1794. 



The thallus surrounded wholly or in part by a black, hypothallic line. 



On trees, Massachusetts, Louisiana, Ohio, Minnesota, and Nebraska. 



17. Graphis lineola Ach., Lich. Univ. 264. 1810. 

 G. comma (Ach.) Spreng. 



Thallus thin and smooth to minutely pulverulent or granulose, light greenish 

 gray to whitish; apothecia short to moderately long, but narrow, 0.5-2 or 3 X 

 0.1-0.35 mm., slightly immersed to adnate, straight to curved or obscurely flexu- 

 ous, very rarely 1 or 2 times branched, the disk closed to very narrowly open and 



