170 30. PANNARIACEAE [107. Solorinaria 



8. Heppia placodizans Zahlbr., Bull. Torr. Club 35:297-300. 1908. 

 Endocarpiscum placodizans (Zahlbr.) Fink. 



Thallus thin to rather thick, composed of small, wartlike, olive-green to umber- 

 brown squamules, often becoming crowded, convex to semiglobose toward the 

 center and lobed toward the margin; apothecia minute, 0.1-0.25 mm. across, 

 deeply immersed, the disk punctiform, dull black; spores subspherical, 3-3.5 /x 

 across. 



On basaltic boulders, near Tucson, Arizona. 



9. Heppia Zahlbruckneri Hasse, Bryologist 14:100, 101. 1911. 



Thallus thin, composed of very short, erect, cylindrical to somewhat flattened, 

 clustered, olive-green to darker, loosely attached lobules, with bulbous, flat, or 

 clavate apices; apothecia minute, 0.2-0.3 mm. across, 1-8 immersed in the apex 

 of each lobule, the disk punctiform or slightly open, dull brown; hypothecium 

 hyaline to pale yellowish; spores 24-32, globose, 5—7 yu. across. 



On rocks, southern California. 



OTHER SPECIES REPORTED 



Heppia alumenensis Herre — California. 

 Heppia conchiloba Zahlbr. — Southern California. 

 Heppia planescens Nyl. — Texas. 

 Heppia psammophila Nyl. — California. 



107. Solorinaria Vainio, Act. Soc. Faun. Fl. Fenn. 7:217. 1890. 



Thallus crustose to minutely foliose, scaly or squamulose, closely attached, plec- 

 tenchymatous throughout with upper and lower cortices of horizontally elongated 

 hyphae; apothecia small to middle-sized, more or less immersed, the disk more or 

 less concave to flat or rarely convex, the exciple colored like the thallus, often 

 scarcely developed; hypothecium hyaline to brownish; hymenium hyaline or 

 brownish above; paraphyses unbranched, becoming coherent; asci cylindrico- 

 clavate; spores 8, hyaline, oblong to oblong-ellipsoid or ellipsoid, non-septate. 



The algal host is usually Polycoccus. 



1. Solorinaria Despreauxii (Mont.) Fink n. comb. 



Solorina Despreauxii Mont., in Webb & Berth., Hist. Nat. Canar. 3:104. 1840. 

 Heppia virescens (Mont.) Nyl. Heppia Despreauxii (Mont.) Tuck. 



Thallus moderately thick, composed of minute to small, closely attached, often 

 clustered, round, flat, finally chinky and rough squamules, with raised, crenately 

 lobed margins, olive to greenish or blackish; apothecia small to middle-sized, 

 0.6-2 mm. across, immersed, 1-many in each squamule, the disk deeply concave to 

 rarely convex, reddish brown, the exciple scarcely developed; spores oblong- 

 ellipsoid, 16-26X6-10^.. 



On soil, throughout the United States. 



30. PANNARIACEAE 



Thallus crustose, squamulose or foliose, entire or lobed at the margin, differ- 

 entiated into upper and lower cortices, algal and medullary layers, usually attached 

 to the substratum by rhizoids; apothecia round, sometimes marginal, with a proper 

 or thalloid exciple. 



The algal hosts are Dactylococcus, Nostoc, and Scytonema. 



A. Thallus with blue-green algal host cells 

 B. Under surface of thallus not veined 

 C. Spores non-septate 



D. Apothecia with proper exciple 



E. Thallus with upper cortex only 111. Parmeliella 



E. Thallus with upper and lower cortices .... 114. Coccocarpia 



