127. Toninia] 33. LECIDEACEAE 233 



1. Toninia squarrosa (Ach.) T. Fries, Lich. Scand. 1:331. 1874. 



Lecidea atroruja var. squarrosa Ach., Kgl. Vet. Akad. Nya Handl. 267. 1808. 

 Lecidea squalida Ach. T. squalida (Ach.) Mass. T. squarrosa f. pershnilans 

 (Nyl.) Hasse. 



Thallus composed of thick, lobed, wrinkled, adnate to ascending, imbricate, 

 crowded, yellowish brown to blackening squamules; apothecia middle-sized to 

 large, 0.8-2.5 mm. across, subsessile, irregular, usually confluent, the disk flat to 

 convex, black, the exciple thin, black, soon disappearing; hypothecium yellowish; 

 spores acicular to fusiform, thicker toward one end, 3-many-septate, 23-68 X 

 2-5 ix. 



On soil, Washington and California. 



2. Toninia ruginosa (Tuck.) Herre, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 12:103. 1910. 

 Lecidea ruginosa Tuck., Lich. Calif. 25. 1866. 



Thallus composed of round, swollen, greenish to yellowish brown, more or 

 less crowded, wavy, rough, folded, finally perforate squamules; apothecia middle- 

 sized to large, 1.2-3 mm. across, the disk flat to slightly convex, dull black, the 

 exciple thick, black, becoming flexuous, finally disappearing; hypothecium brown- 

 ish; spores acicular, 3-septate, 25-40 X 2-3.5 /x. 



On soil and rocks, Washington and California. 



3. Toninia cumulata (Sommerf.) T. Fries, Lich. Scand. 1:341. 1874. 



Lecidea cumulata Sommerf., Suppl. Flor. Lapp. 157. 1826. Biatora cumulata 

 (Sommerf.) Tuck. 



Thallus composed of small, irregular, ashy gray to white squamules, scattered 

 or crowded into a rough, chinky crust; apothecia minute to small, 0.08-0.3 mm. 

 across, adnate, usually numerous and confluent, the disk flat to slightly convex, 

 black, the exciple thick, black, finally almost disappearing; hypothecium yellowish 

 to reddish brown; spores ellipsoid-fusiform, 3-septate, 14-18 X 4.5-6 /x. 



On sandy soil, California. 



4. Toninia caeruleonigricans (Lightf.) T. Fries, Lich. Scand. 1:336. 1874. 

 Lichen., caerideonigricans Lightf., Fl. Scot. 2:805. 1777. Lecidea caeruleonigri- 

 cans (Lightf.) Schaer. T. vesicularis (Hoffm.) Mong. Psora vesicularis 

 Hoffm. 



Thallus composed of middle-sized to large, often substipitate, expanding and 

 sublobate, greenish gray to olive-brown or darker, usually whitish pruinose, some- 

 what crowded and imbricated squamules; apothecia middle-sized to large, 0.75-2 

 mm. across, sessile, shield-shaped, the disk flat to slightly convex, black, the ex- 

 ciple thick, black or whitish pruinose, finally disappearing; hypothecium brownish 

 to brown; spores fusiform, 1-septate, 14-25 X 2-4 fi. 



On soil, New England, and westward throughout northern United States. 



5. Toninia massata (Tuck.) Herre, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 12:103. 1910. 

 Lecidea massata Tuck., Lich. Calif. 25. 1866. 



Thallus composed of small, continuous or scattered, swollen, pale greenish to 

 greenish gray, finally folded squamules; apothecia small to middle-sized, 0.3-1.3 

 mm. across, partly immersed, the disk flat to strongly convex, black, the exciple 

 thin, black, wavy, becoming irregular and disappearing; hypothecium reddish 

 brown; spores boat-shaped, 1-septate, 10-15X3.5-5//,. 



On soil and rocks, Colorado and California. 



6. Toninia caulescens Anzi, Cat. Lich. Sondr. 67. 1860. 



Lecidea caulescens (Anzi) Tuck. Lecidea squalida var. caulescens (Anzi) Nyl. 



Thallus composed of tawny brown, turgid, convolute, scattered or more com- 

 monly crowded and imbricate squamules, the squamules often extending down- 

 ward in stout brownish stems; apothecia small to middle-sized, 0.4-1.5 mm. across, 

 closely sessile, round to lobulate, the disk deeply concave, dull black, papillate, the 

 exciple prominent, turgid, becoming wavy; hypothecium dark reddish brown; asci 



