248 34. CLADONIACEAE [132. Cladonia 



F. Podetia never forming cups 



G. Podetia slender, unbranched or the branching at the 

 tips irregular, short, and along the sides of the podetia 

 H. Branches short, more or less spinous and 



swollen 44. CI. leptothallina 



H. Branches slender, irregular, or podetia simple 

 I. Primary squamules crenate or incised- 



crenate 47. CI. acuminata 



I. Primary squamules usually subdigitate or laciniate 



J. Podetia with squamules . 58. CI. pityrea phyllophora 

 J. Podetia without squamules . 58. CI. pityrea subacuta 

 G. Podetia stouter, branches of medium length and 

 more or less radiate 

 H. Apothecia unknown, the sterile tips 



pointed 51. CI. cerasphora 



H. Apothecia regularly formed, usually terminating 

 the tips 

 I. Sides of the podetia usually fissured 



J. Podetia squamulose ... 43. CI. cariosa squamulosa 

 J. Podetia with few or no squamules 

 K. Podetia pierced by openings, the 



cortex dispersed . . . .43. CI. cariosa cribrosa 

 K. Podetia fissured but hardly pierced 



by openings 43. CI. cariosa 



I. Sides of the podetia smooth, rarely fissured 

 J. Branched above, the branches suberect 



and spreading 39. CI. mitrula 



J. Unbranched, or the branches short or parallel 

 K. Podetia usually squamulose, sometimes 

 corymbosely or erectly parallel- 

 branched 38. CI. corymbosula 



K. Podetia without squamules 



L. Podetia usually short; primary 



squamules middle-sized . . 41. CI. symphycarpa 

 L. Podetia longer; primary squamules 



middle-sized to large . . .42. CI. subcariosa 



1. Cladonia rangiferina (L.) Web., in Wigg., Prin. Fl. Hols. 90. 1780. 

 Lichen rangijerinus L., Sp. PI. 1153. 1753. CI. rangiferina var. tenuior (Del.) 



Vainio. 



Primary thallus soon dying, crustose when present, and composed of subglobose, 

 depressed or irregular, clustered or scattered, ashy white warts; podetia arising 

 from the primary thallus, or from branches or free fragments of old or dying 

 podetia, subcylindrical and cupless, subdichotomously or subradiately branched, 

 the axils somewhat dilated and frequently perforate, the apices pointed or forked, 

 clustered or subsolitary, erect or rarely ascending or even reclining, the sterile 

 apices commonly brownish, the remainder of the podetium greenish gray to gray 

 or grayish brown, the cortex commonly scattered, rough; apothecia small to 

 middle-sized, 0.5-2 mm. across, solitary or clustered on the apices of the branches, 

 the disk convex, brown. 



On soil, throughout northern United States, and southward to Florida and 

 Alabama. 



2. Cladonia sylvatica (L.) Hoffm., Deutschl. Fl. 114. 1795. 

 Lichen rangijerinus var. sylvaticus L., Sp. PI. 1153. 1753. 



Primary thallus rarely persistent, composed, when present, of subglobose, 

 scattered or clustered, straw-colored warts, these forming a thin crust; podetia 

 arising from the branches of old or dying podetia or rarely from the primary 

 thallus, dying at the base, cylindrical or subcylindrical, cupless, often dilated in 

 the axils, dichotomously or sympodially or radiately branched, the apices subulate 

 and sometimes minutely radiate or furcate-spinose, erect, subsolitary or clustered, 

 the axils frequently perforate, whitish or yellowish straw-colored to greenish gray, 



