252 34. CLADONIACEAE [ 132. Cladonia 



part deeply concave, the margin usually proliferate; apothecia small, 0.5-0.8 mm. 

 across, borne on the apices of proliferations, the disk flat to convex, scarlet. 

 On old wood, South Carolina, Florida, and Alabama. 



f. epiphylla Merrill, Bryologist 27:23. 1924. 

 Podetia absent and the apothecia seated on the squamules. 

 On old wood, near Sanford, Florida. 



14. Cladonia deformis (L.) Hoffm., Deutschl. Fl. 2:120. 1795. 



Lichen deformis L., Sp. PI. 1152. 1753. Scyphophorus sulphurius Michx. 



Primary thallus usually dying, composed of incised, crenate or lobed, middle- 

 sized, depressed or ascending, flat, convex, or somewhat inward-rolled, scattered 

 or clustered, greenish gray to light reddish brown squamules; pale or brownish 

 and sometimes sorediate below; podetia arising from the primary thallus, sub- 

 cylindrical or rarely elongated-turbinate, scattered or clustered, erect, rarely cupless, 

 sorediate, the lower part corticate, the cortex continuous or chinky, sometimes 

 squamulose, yellowish straw-colored to greenish gray; cups middle-sized, gradually 

 or abruptly dilated, imperforate, the margin dentate or often irregularly proliferate, 

 the ranks 1-3, the cavity of the cups minutely sorediate; apothecia middle-sized, 

 0.5-5 mm. across, scattered on the margins of the cups or clustered at the dilated 

 apices of the proliferations, the disk depressed-convex to convex, scarlet. (Plate 

 22 a.) 



On soil, throughout the United States. 



15. Cladonia bellidiflora (Ach.) Schaer., Lich. Helv. Spic. 21. 1823. 

 Lichen bellidiflora Ach., Lich. Suec. 194. 1798. 



Primary thallus rarely persistent, composed of middle-sized, sorediate, thin, 

 ascending, flat to slightly inward-rolled, scattered or clustered, straw-colored to 

 greenish gray squamules; whitish below, the bases turning brownish or darker; 

 podetia arising from the primary thallus, or from dying podetia, elongated, sub- 

 cylindrical, branched, erect or somewhat flexuous, the cortex continuous or chinky 

 and dispersed-areolate, colored like the primary thallus; cups small, abruptly 

 dilated, the margin plane, dentate, or proliferate; apothecia middle-sized to large, 

 0.5-4 mm. across, clustered or rarely confluent, the disk flat to convex, scarlet. 

 (Plate 22 b.) 



On earth and rocks, California, Washington, and Oregon. 



16. Cladonia cristatella Tuck., Am. Journ. Sci. 25:428. 1858. 



CI. cristatella f. Beauvoisii (Del.) Vainio. CI. cristatella var. ochrocarpia Tuck. 

 CI. cristatella var. vestita Tuck. CI. cristatella var. ramosa Tuck. CI. crista- 

 tella f . minuta Sandst. CI. substraminea Nyl. 



Primary thallus composed of small, incised or crenate, usually persistent, com- 

 monly flat but sometimes inward-rolled, scattered or clustered, sometimes sorediate, 

 greenish gray or straw-colored squamules; whitish and sometimes sorediate below; 

 podetia arising from the primary thallus, erect, becoming squamulose, subcylindri- 

 cal or somewhat enlarged toward the apex, without cups, often more or less digi- 

 tately branched toward the apex, the branches short and obtuse, the axils some- 

 times perforate, the cortex continuous or areolate, smooth or roughened, colored 

 like the primary thallus ; apothecia small to middle-sized, 0.3-3 mm. across, soli- 

 tary or clustered on the apices of branches, the disk convex, scarlet or rarely 

 light yellowish brown. 



On soil, throughout the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. 



var. paludicola Tuck., Syn. N. A. Lich. 1:255. 1882. 



CI. paludicola (Tuck. ) Merrill. 



Squamules sorediate, and the podetia short or wanting. 



On rotten wood, New England, and southward to Virginia, 

 var. densissima Fink; Hedrick, Mycologia 26:157. 1934. 



The squamules thicker, rather smaller and less lobed than usual, closely packed 

 and becoming imbricated in 3 or 4 layers; podetia abortive or very short, scarcely 



