254 34. CLADONIACEAE [ 132. Cladonia 



solitary or clustered on the apices of short branches, the disk fiat to convex, brown 

 to brick-red. 



On soil, throughout the United States. 



f. obtusata (Ach.) Nyl., Syn. Lich. 215. 1860. 

 Cenomyce obtusata Ach., in Floerke, Arn. Wett. Ges. 1:100. 1809. 

 Podetia short, thick, with short branches obtuse at the ends, but with short 

 spinous ultimate branchlets. 



On soil, Massachusetts, Maryland, New York, Minnesota, and Washington. 



21. Cladonia caroliniana Tuck., Am. Journ. Sci. II. 25:427. 1858. 

 Cenomyce caroliniana Schwein. in herb. CI. uncialis var. caroliniatia (Schwein.) 



Tuck. 



Primary thallus soon dying; podetia thick and bulbous, swollen, without 

 squamules, obscurely pitted, dichotomously branched above, the branches obconical- 

 dilated, erect, cupless, the cortex subcontinuous or areolate and scattered, smooth 

 or the areoles more or less raised, yellowish straw-colored or greenish gray, apices 

 obtuse and dentate; apothecia small, 0.3-0.5 mm. across, solitary or clustered on 

 the ends of the branches; the disk flat to convex, flesh-colored to brownish. 



On soil, Vermont, North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Tennessee. 



22. Cladonia reticulata (Russell) Vainio, Act. Soc. Faun. Flor. Fenn. 4:280. 1887. 

 CI. uncialis var. reticulata Russell, Journ. of Essex Natur. Hist. Soc. 1:100. 



1839. Cl.Boryi Tuck. Cl.Boryi var. lacunosa Tuck. 



Primary thallus indistinct; podetia arising from dying podetia and from free 

 branches of old podetia, dying at the base, of medium length, cylindrical, dichot- 

 omously much-branched, upper branches erect and slender, lower branches short 

 and thick, the axils and sides often perforate, the latter sometimes sievelike, decorti- 

 cate, indistinctly tomentose, uneven, straw-colored to whitish; cups small, infre- 

 quent, the margins commonly proliferate, often disappearing; apothecia small, 

 0.3-0.6 mm. across, the disk flat to convex, brown to brownish black. 



On soil, New England and New York. 



23. Cladonia furcata (Huds.) Schrad., Spic. Fl. Germ. 107. 1794. 

 Lichen furcatus Huds., Fl. Angl. 458. 1762. 



Primary thallus rarely persistent, composed of middle-sized, subentire to irregu- 

 larly lobed or crenate, ascending or flat, scattered or clustered, greenish gray to 

 brownish or whitish squamules ; white below ; podetia arising from primary thallus, 

 cylindrical or subcylindrical, the lower part sometimes dying, rarely squamulose 

 toward the base, rarely cup-bearing, dichotomously or frequently radiately 

 branched, erect or rarely prostrate or decumbent, rarely somewhat sorediate, the 

 cortex continuous or more or less dispersed, colored like the primary thallus; 

 apothecia small to middle-sized, 0.5-1.5 mm. across, irregularly or cymosely borne 

 on the apices of the branches, the disk convex, brown to brick-red or lighten 



On soil, frequently over rocks, and rarely on old wood, throughout the United 

 States. 



var. racemosa (Hoffm.) Floerke, Clad. Comm. 152. 1828. 

 Cl.racemosa Hoffm., Deutschl. Fl. 2:114. 1795. CI. furcata i.fissa Floerke. 



CI. furcata var. corymbosa (Ach.) Nyl. 

 Podetia becoming elongated, dichotomously much-branched, rarely squamulose 

 toward the base. 



On soil, throughout the United States. 



var. pinnata (Floerke) Vainio, Act. Soc. Faun. Flor. Fenn. 4:332. 1887. 

 Cenomyce racemosa var. pinnata Floerke, in Schleich., Cat. PI. Helv. 47. 1821. 

 Podetia squamulose throughout, the squamules incised or lobate-crenate, com- 

 monly smoothed; apothecia subentire. 



On soil, Maine, New York, West Virginia, South Carolina, and Minnesota. 



