132. Cladonia ] 34. CLADONIACEAE 255 



var. scabriuscula (Del.) Vainio, Act. Soc. Faun. Flor. Fenn. 4:338. 1887. 

 Cenomyce scabriuscula Del., in Duby, Bot. Gall. ed. 2:623. 1830. CI. furcata f. 



recurva (Ach.) Hoffm. 

 Podetia more or less coralloid or sorediate, sometimes squamulose, the cortex 

 more or less broken, partly wanting toward the top, whitish. 



On soil, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Minnesota, and Iowa, 

 var. Finkii Vainio, Minn. Bot. Stud. 3:217. 1903. 

 Podetia rather stout, irregularly branched, more or less squamulose; cups 

 irregular and sometimes perforate, the margins subentire to dentate or proliferate, 

 the ranks usually 2 or 3, the upper ones often without cups. 

 On soil, Massachusetts and Minnesota. 



24. Cladonia palamaea (Ach.) Fink n. comb. 



Baeomyces spinosus var. palamaeus Ach., Meth. Lich. 359. 1803. CI. jurcata 

 var. palamaea (Ach.) Nyl. CI. jurcata f. paradoxa (Vainio) Fink. Cenomyce 

 jurcata var. subulata Floerke. CI. multiformis Merrill. 



Primary thallus rarely persistent, composed of commonly middle-sized, irregu- 

 larly lobed or crenate, flat to ascending, scattered or clustered, greenish gray to 

 yellowish squamules; white below; podetia arising from the primary thallus, cylin- 

 drical, becoming thickened at the axils, irregularly and dichotomously much- 

 branched, erect, often squamulose toward the base, sometimes fissured and gap- 

 ing, the cortex continuous or subcontinuous and areolate, greenish gray to com- 

 monly brownish to olive-brown, or remaining greenish gray below; cups gradually 

 or abruptly dilated, sometimes perforate, or finely sievelike, the margin dentate to 

 repeatedly proliferate; apothecia small to middle-sized, 0.5-1.5 mm. across, solitary 

 or clustered on the margins of the cups or the apices of the branches, the disk 

 depressed-convex to strongly convex, sometimes perforate, brown. 



On soil, from New England to Minnesota, and recurring in Washington. 



25. Cladonia Herrei Fink; Hedrick, Mycologia 26:157. 1934. 



Primary thallus composed of small to middle-sized, usually elongated and finally 

 several times deeply lobed, commonly ascending, flat or slightly inward-rolled, 

 clustered or scattered and sometimes disappearing, greenish gray to brownish 

 squamules, their lobes often crenate; whitish below; podetia arising from 

 squamules of the primary thallus or from dying podetia, long and slender, erect 

 or ascending, subdichotomously much-spreading-branched, without squamules or 

 more or less squamulose, sometimes throughout, the upper squamules much 

 smaller and round, with little or no lobing, cylindrical, the cortex subcontinuous 

 to chinky or rough and subareolate, the areoles continuous or finally and rarely 

 somewhat scattered, the sides and axils rarely perforate, the sterile tips forked and 

 spinous-pointed, sometimes perforate, greenish gray to olive-brown, very rarely cup- 

 bearing; cups small; apothecia small, 0.3-0.6 mm. across, on or below the ends of 

 obtuse branches, or very rarely on the margins of cups, commonly clustered or 

 conglomerate, the disk strongly convex to subspherical, light to darker brown, or 

 finally blackish. 



In crevices of rocks, California. 



26. Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm., Deutschl. Fl. 2:114. 1796. 



Primary thallus composed of middle-sized, irregularly crenate or incised-cre- 

 nate, ascending, flat, scattered or clustered, greenish gray to whitish greenish gray 

 or olive-brown, finally dying squamules; white below; podetia arising from the 

 primary thallus, dying at the base, cylindrical, cupless, dichotomously much- 

 branched, the axils rarely dilated, the branches spreading and commonly suberect, 

 the apices slender and pointed or rarely obtuse and thickened, the sides entire 

 to subentire, crowded or clustered, rarely sorediate in part, corticate, the cortex 

 scattered and forming small patches, smooth or rarely warty to chinky, rarely 

 more or less squamulose, colored like the primary thallus; apothecia small, 

 0.5-0.7 mm. across, solitary or clustered on the apices of the branches, the disk 

 convex, brown. 



On soil, Virginia. 



