132. Cladonia] 34. CLADONIACEAE 257 



short branches or at the ends of the proliferations of the cups, the disk flat or 

 convex, brown or rarely brick-red. 



On soil, from New England to Delaware, and westward to the Pacific Coast. 



var. divulsa (Del.) Am., Lich. Tirol. XXI. 106. 1880. 



Cenomyce divulsa Del, in Duby, Bot. Gall. 625. 1830. 



Podetia commonly squamulose, the squamules narrowly laciniate and crenate. 



On soil, New York and Michigan, 

 var. gracilescens (Rabenh.) Vainio, Act. Soc. Faun. Flor. Fenn. 4:395, 396. 



1887. 

 Cl.rangijerina var. gracilescens Rabenh., Clad. Eur. Suppl. pi. 31, f. 22, 23. 



1863. 



Podetia dying below and slowly growing above, cupless or bearing very narrow, 

 open cups; the cupless apices closed and pointed or open and obtuse; apothecia 

 small, on the margins of the cups or at the ends of branches. 



On soil, New Hampshire. 



31. Cladonia squamosa (Scop.) Hoffm., Deutschl. Fl. 2: 125. 1796. 



Lichen squamosus Scop., Fl. Cam. ed. 2. 2:368. 1772. 



Primary thallus commonly persistent, composed of middle-sized or rarely 

 large, crenate, irregularly subdigitate or subpinnate-laciniate, ascending, flat or 

 inward-rolled, scattered or clustered, greenish gray to ashy or brownish squamules, 

 rarely forming a compact crust; white below; podetia arising from the primary 

 thallus, rarely dying at the base, subcylindrical or rarely trumpet-shaped or top- 

 shaped, clustered, erect, ascending, reclining or irregularly flexuous, commonly 

 more or less irregularly or radiately branched, the branches erect or spreading, 

 the axils frequently open, the cortex areolate or subcontinuous toward the base, 

 commonly squamulose, sorediate above, ashy, greenish gray, olive-green, or 

 brown, or these colors variegated; cups common, abruptly dilated, middle-sized 

 or small, usually perforate, the margin repeatedly proliferate; apothecia small, 

 0.5-0.7 mm. across, subsolitary or clustered on the margin of the cups or the 

 apices of the branches or proliferations, the disk flat to convex, pale or darker 

 brown. 



On soil and old wood, throughout the United States. 



var. denticollis (Hoffm.) Floerke; Vainio, Act. Soc. Faun. Flor. Fenn. 4:421. 

 1887. 

 CI. denticollis Hoffm., Deutschl. Fl. 2:125. 1796. 



Podetia cup-bearing, cortex absent or scattered, at least above, rarely bear- 

 ing scattered granules. 



On soil, usually over rocks, New England, New York, Minnesota, and Wash- 

 ington. 



f. rigida (Del.) Sandst, Abhandl. Naturw. Verein. Bremen 18:427. pi. 24, f. 3. 

 1906. 

 Cenomyce squamosa f. rigida Del., in Duby, Bot. Gall. 625. 1830. 

 Podetia rigid, erect, mostly cup-bearing, gray to olive-green, densely granulose 

 and bearing scattered, minute to small squamules. 

 On soil, Ohio. 



var. muricella (Del.) Vainio, Act. Soc. Faun. Flor. Fenn. 4:431,432. 1887. 

 Cenomyce squamosa var. muricella Del. in Duby, Bot. Gall. ed. 2. 626. 1830. 

 Podetia cupless, commonly decorticate, almost destitute of squamules above, 

 or the squamules small. 



On soil, New Hampshire, California, and Washington. 



var. multibrachiata (Floerke) Vainio, Act. Soc. Faun. Flor. Fenn. 4:437. 

 1887. 

 CI. squamosa var. asperella f. multibrachiata Floerke, Clad. Comm. 133. 1828. 

 CI. squamosa f . phyllopoda Vainio. CI. squamosa f . pityrea Arn. 



