258 34. CLADONIACEAE [132. Cladonia 



Podetia cup-bearing, almost destitute of squamules. 

 On soil, Massachusetts, New York, Iowa, and Minnesota, 

 var. phyllocoma (Rabenh.) Vainio, Act. Soc. Faun. Flor. Fenn. 4:441,442. 



1887. 

 CI. squamosa var. macrophylla f. phyllocoma Rabenh., Clad. Eur. Exsicc. 



pi. 26, no. 20. 1860. 



Podetia cup-bearing, squamulose even to the apices, the squamules commonly 

 large. 



On soil, New York, Virginia, and Minnesota, 

 f. frondosa (Del.) Harm., Bull. Soc. Sci. Nancy II. 14:357. pi. 7, f. 23. 1896. 



Cenomyce squamosa f. frondosa Del., in Duby, Bot. Gall. 62 5. 1830. 



Primary thallus composed of large, elongated, ascending, much branched and 

 irregularly margined squamules; whitish below, turning yellowish brown toward 

 the base of the squamules; podetia whitish to ashy, commonly decorticate and 

 sorediate, often densely squamulose, especially toward the apices, rarely cup- 

 bearing. 



On old logs, Washington. 



32. Cladonia subsquamosa (Nyl.) Vainio, Act. Soc. Faun. Flor. Fenn. 4:445. 



1887. 



Cl.delicata var. subsquamosa Nyl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. III. 18:407. 1866. 



Primary thallus rarely persistent, when present composed of small to middle- 

 sized, oblong to variously irregular, entire or lobed, greenish gray to olive-brown 

 squamules; white below; podetia arising from the primary thallus, dying at the 

 base, subcylindrical and often hollow, sometimes cup-bearing, irregularly branched, 

 the axils sometimes perforate, the apices cup-bearing, obtuse, perforate or rarely 

 pointed, erect, the cortex warty or areolate or almost all decorticate, squamulose 

 toward the base and squamulose-scaly higher up, whitish or greenish gray to brown- 

 ish; cups perforate, the margin becoming repeatedly proliferate; apothecia com- 

 monly small, 0.5-0.7 mm. across, subsolitary or clustered on the apices of branches, 

 the disk flat to convex, brown. 



On soil over rocks, Kentucky, Minnesota, California, Oregon, and Washington. 



f. granulosa Vainio, Act. Soc. Faun. Flor. Fenn. 4:448,449. 1887. 

 Podetia destitute of squamules, sorediate-granulose ; cups small, often oblique. 

 On soil, Oregon. 



33. Cladonia caespiticia (Pers.) Floerke, Clad. Comm. 8. 1828. 

 Baeomyces caespiticius Pers., Ann. Bot. Usteri 7:155. 1794. 



Primary thallus persistent, composed of subdigitately laciniate, incised, or 

 crenate, ascending, flat or rarely inward-rolled, commonly clustered, greenish gray 

 to whitish or olive-green squamules; white and sorediate below; podetia arising 

 from the primary thallus, subcylindrical or clavate, cupless, scattered, erect, rarely 

 branched, the apices obtuse and always bearing apothecia, decorticate, rarely 

 squamulose, usually ashy; apothecia middle-sized to large, 0.75-3 mm. across, 

 solitary or clustered, the disk flat to convex, brown to reddish brown. 



On rocks and old wood, throughout the United States east of the Rocky 

 Mountains. 



34. Cladonia delicata (Ehrh. ) Floerke, Clad. Comm. 7. 1828. 



Lichen delicatus Ehrh., PI. Crypt. 247. 1793. Cl.delicata i.querina (Pers.) 

 Vainio. 



Primary thallus commonly persistent, composed of small, laciniate, incised, or 

 crenate, ascending, flat or inward-rolled, clustered squamules, frequently forming 

 a crust, ashy to greenish gray or greenish; white and more or less sorediate below; 

 podetia arising from the primary thallus, cupless, subcylindrical, clavate or irregu- 

 larly top-shaped, sometimes slightly branched, scattered or clustered, erect, com- 

 monly sorediate and decorticate, the sides more or less fissured, the apices obtuse 

 and terminated by apothecia, or rarely sterile and pointed: apothecia small to 



