132. Cladonia ] 34. CLADONIACEAE 259 



middle-sized, 0.3-1.5 mm. across, solitary or clustered on the apices of the podetia 

 or branches, the disk flat to convex, brown or rarely reddish brown. 

 On old wood, throughout eastern United States. 



35. Cladonia cenotea (Ach.) Schaer., Lich. Helv. Spic. 1:35. 1823. 

 Baeomyces cenoteus Ach., Meth. Lich. 345. pi. 7, f. 7. 1803. 



Primary thallus usually persistent, composed of small to middle-sized, irregularly 

 laciniate, incised or subentire, ascending, flat or inward-rolled, scattered or clus- 

 tered, ashy, greenish gray, brownish, or olive-green squamules; whitish and more 

 or less sorediate below; podetia arising from the primary thallus, of medium 

 length, subcylindrical, decorticate, sorediate, or corticate toward the base, irregu- 

 larly swollen, rarely branched, sometimes squamulose toward the base, erect, 

 commonly clustered, colored like the primary thallus; cups middle-sized, perforate, 

 the margins commonly proliferate; apothecia small to middle-sized, 0.5-1.5 mm. 

 across, subsolitary or clustered, the disk flat to convex, flesh-colored to brown. 



On old logs and on earth, New England, Minnesota, and Washington. 



var. crossota (Ach.) Nyl., Not. Sallsk. Faun. Flor. Fenn. 5:57. 1861. 

 Cenomyce cenotea var. crossota Ach., Syn. Lich. 272. 1814. 

 Podetia of medium length, or elongated, more branched than the species, cylin- 

 drical or irregularly swollen, erect, the apices commonly bearing cups. 



On soil, over rotten wood, and among mosses, Maine and Washington. 



f. exaltata Nyl; Vainio, Act. Soc. Faun. Flor. Fenn. 4:481-83. 1887. 

 Podetia much elongated, subcylindrical, or slender top-shaped. 

 On soil, Vermont and New Hampshire. 



36. Cladonia glauca Floerke, Clad. Comm. 140. 1828. 

 CI. brachiata var. furcellata (Hoffm.) E. Fries. 



Primary thallus commonly persistent, composed of middle-sized, irregularly or 

 subdigitately laciniate or incised and crenate, ascending, flat or inward-rolled, scat- 

 tered or clustered, greenish gray squamules; white below; podetia arising from the 

 primary thallus, cylindrical and elongated, often hollow, cupless or rarely bearing 

 minute cups, variously branched, the branches suberect or rarely spreading, clus- 

 tered into small clumps, all densely powdery-sorediate and decorticate or rarely 

 corticate and squamulose toward the base, ashy or greenish gray or rarely ashy 

 brown, the apices thin and pointed or rarely obtuse; cups small, commonly per- 

 forate, the margin radiate or proliferate; apothecia small, 0.3-0.7 mm. across, more 

 or less crowded on the apices of irregular branches, the disk flat to convex, often 

 perforate and lobed, brown to bluish brown. 



On rotten logs or soil, New Hampshire and Massachusetts. 



37. Cladonia turgida (Ehrh.) Hoffm., Deutschl. Fl. 2:124. 1796. 



Lichen turgidus Ehrh., PL Crypt. W. 297. 1793. CI. turgida var. grypea Tuck. 

 CI. turgida var. conspicua Del. 



Primary thallus commonly persistent, composed of large, foliose, laciniate or 

 irregularly or dichotomously lobed, ascending or nearly erect, flat, convex and 

 canaliculately rolled or concave and inward-rolled, often crowded, greenish gray to 

 ashy squamules; white below; podetia arising from the primary thallus, sometimes 

 dying at the base, turbinate or subcylindrical, more or less branched, the branches 

 suberect. the axils more or less open, scattered or clustered in clumps, erect or 

 ascending, the cortex areolate or continuous, the apices cupless, obtuse and 

 branched, or bearing imperfect cups, more or less squamulose, colored like the pri- 

 mary thallus, with apices frequently becoming brown; cups somewhat dilated, shal- 

 low, perforate to sievelike, the margin radiately proliferate; apothecia small to 

 middle-sized, 0.5-2 mm. across, borne on the apices of the branches or prolifera- 

 tions, frequently short-stalked, the disk flat to convex, brown to rarely reddish 

 brown, often perforate. 



On soil, throughout northern United States. 



