260 34. CLADONIACEAE [ 132. Cladonia 



38. Cladonia corymbosula Nyl., Flora 59:560. 1876. 

 CI. pileolata Nyl. 



Primary thallus composed of small to middle-sized, narrowly cut-lobed, fiat 

 or ascending, clustered, greenish gray to grayish, finally disappearing squamules; 

 white below; podetia arising from squamules of the primary thallus, very short to 

 short, cylindrical, without cups but always finally fruited, sometimes corymbosely 

 or erectly parallel-branched, the sides often chinky, obscurely ribbed, or warty, 

 or finally minutely areolate, the areoles sometimes scattered, usually squamulose; 

 apothecia small to middle-sized, 0.5-1.5 mm. across, sessile on the ends of 

 podetia or their branches, commonly clustered, the disk convex to subspherical, 

 brick-red or infrequently brown. 



On soil, Lookout Mountain, Tennessee (doubtfully included). 



39. Cladonia mitrula Tuck., in Darl., Fl. Cestr. ed. 3. 444. 1853. 

 CI. mitrula i. imbricatula (Nyl.) Vainio. 



Primary thallus commonly persistent, composed of small to middle-sized, 

 irregularly or subdigitately laciniate or crenate, flat, ascending or suberect, clus- 

 tered, ashy to greenish gray squamules; white below; podetia arising from the 

 primary thallus, cylindrical, cupless, always terminated by apothecia, somewhat 

 branched toward the apex, the branches suberect and spreading, the sides some- 

 times fissured, the axils sometimes open, subsolitary to crowded, erect, the cortex 

 continuous or composed of contiguous areoles, rarely in part decorticate and 

 sorediate, sometimes more or less squamulose, colored like the primary thallus; 

 apothecia small to middle-sized, 0.5-2 mm. across, sometimes perforate, solitary or 

 clustered on the apices of podetia and branches, the disk flat to convex, brown 

 to lighter or reddish brown. 



On soil, throughout the United States. 



40. Cladonia apodocarpa Robbins, Rhodora 27:211. 1925. 



Primary thallus persistent, composed of middle-sized to large, broad to 

 elongated, entire to sinuate or crenate, ascending, greenish white squamules; 

 podetia arising from the primary squamules, very short, 0.5 cm. or less in length, 

 or apparently lacking, abruptly enlarged from the base, cupless; apothecia middle- 

 sized to large, 1-2 mm. across, solitary to aggregated on the tips of the podetia, 

 the disk flat to convex, brown or rarely brownish black. 



On soil, from Massachusetts to Virginia. 



41. Cladonia symphycarpa (Ach.) E. Fries, Lich. Suec. Exsicc. fasc. 8. 20. 1826. 

 Lichen symphycarpus Ach., Lich. Suec. 198. 1798. CI. symphycarpa var. epi- 



phylla Tuck. 



Primary thallus persistent, composed of middle-sized, round-lobed to crenate, 

 ascending, greenish gray to brownish squamules; white below; podetia arising from 

 the primary thallus or rarely wanting, subcylindrical to subclavate, short or 

 rarely longer, unbranched or branched with short and commonly pointed branches, 

 cupless, erect, the cortex subcontinuous or partly areolate, colored like the primary 

 thallus; apothecia small to middle-sized, 0.5-2 mm. across, solitary or clustered on 

 the branches of the podetia or rarely sessile on the squamules of the primary 

 thallus, the disk flat to convex, brown. 



On soil, from Maine to Florida, and westward to Texas and Minnesota. 



42. Cladonia subcariosa Nyl., Flora 59:560. 1876. 



CI. gracilis var. symphocarpea Tuck. CI. clavulijera Vainio. 



Primary thallus persistent, composed of middle-sized to large, subdichoto- 

 mously or irregularly laciniate, wavy to crenate, flat, ascending to suberect, 

 clustered, greenish gray to ashy or olive-brown squamules; white below or becom- 

 ing dark toward the base; podetia arising from the primary thallus, short and 

 stout, subcylindrical or the upper part becoming thickened, rarely and but spar- 

 ingly branched, the sides entire or very rarely fissured, the axils entire or becoming 



