132. Cladonia] 34. CLADONIACEAE 261 



perforate, subsolitary to clustered, suberect or rarely ascending, the cortex sub- 

 continuous to areolate, the areoles subcontiguous, destitute of squamules, cupless, 

 colored like the primary thallus; apothecia middle-sized to rather large, 0.5-4 mm. 

 across, always present, clustered or conglomerate on the apices of podetia and 

 branches, the disk flat to convex, brown or rarely reddish brown. 



On soil, from New England to Tennessee, and in Minnesota, Colorado, and 

 California. 



43. Cladonia cariosa (Ach.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 4:272. 1827. 



Lichen cariosus Ach., Lien. Suec. 198. 1798. CI. sobolescens Nyl. nomen nudum. 



Primary thallus persistent or replaced by new squamules, composed of irregu- 

 larly laciniate, incised, or crenate, concave, flat, inward- to outward-rolled, as- 

 cending or suberect, clustered or rarely scattered, greenish gray to olive-green 

 squamules; whitish and sorediate below, or brownish toward the base; podetia 

 arising from the primary thallus, subcylindrical, sorediate, becoming laterally 

 grooved and fissured, freely branched, clustered or subsolitary, usually suberect, 

 cupless, the cortex subcontinuous or areolate, the areoles frequently scattered, 

 pale greenish gray to whitish; apothecia middle-sized to large, 1-3 mm. across, 

 clustered to conglomerate, the disk flat to convex, brown to rarely reddish brown. 



On earth or rarely on old wood, throughout the United States, 

 f. cribrosa (Wallr.) Vainio, Act. Soc. Faun. Flor. Fenn. 10:50. 1894. 



Patellaria jusca f. cribrosa Wallr., Naturg. Flecht. Cen. 121. 1829. 



Podetia pierced with short or longer openings, destitute of squamules, the 

 cortex dispersed. 



On soil, Tennessee, New Mexico, and Washington. 



f. squamulosa (Mull. Arg.) Vainio, Act. Soc. Faun. Flor. Fenn. 10:57. 1894. 

 CI. symphycarpa f. squamulosa Mull. Arg., Flora 65:298. 1882. 

 The podetia squamulose, densely so in ours. 

 On soil, Colfax County, New Mexico. 



44. Cladonia leptothallina Merrill, Bryologist 27:21,22. 1924. 



Primary thallus persistent, composed of small, round, appressed or imbricate, 

 ashy green squamules, the margins sinuous, crenate, or cleft; white below; podetia 

 arising from the primary thallus, short to somewhat elongated, cylindrical to sub- 

 cylindrical, ashy, branched toward the apices, the branches short, more or less 

 spinous and swollen, corticate, the cortex becoming areolate and the areoles sepa- 

 rated by decorticate areas, rarely squamulose toward the base; apothecia small, 

 0.3-0.5 mm. across, solitary or rarely clustered on the tips of podetia and branches, 

 the disk convex, brown. 



On soil, at the base of palmetto trees, Sanford, Florida. 



45. Cladonia Beaumontii (Tuck.) Fink n. comb. 



CI. santemis var. Beaumontii Tuck., Syn. Lich. 1:245. 1882. CI. stenophylliza 

 Vainio nomen nudum. CI. stenophyllia Merrill. 



Primary thallus persistent, composed of numerous, small to middle-sized, 

 irregular, clustered, crenate or digitately incised, pale greenish gray to whitish, 

 erect or ascending squamules; white below; podetia arising from the primary 

 thallus, short to elongated, slender, cylindrical, cupless, dichotomously branched, 

 the branches sometimes much entangled, more or less squamulose, the cortex 

 minutely areolate, scattered, colored like the primary thallus; apothecia minute 

 to small, 0.1-0.3 mm. across, solitary or clustered on the apices of the branches, 

 the disk convex, brownish to brown. 



On soil, Massachusetts, North Carolina, Florida, and Alabama. 



46. Cladonia decorticata (Floerke) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 4:271. 1827. 

 Capitularia decorticata Floerke, in Web. & Mohr, Beitr. Naturk. 2:297. 1810. 

 Primary thallus finally dying and usually more or less replaced by small, 



laciniate or crenate, somewhat concave or inward-rolled, scattered or clustered, 



