262 34. CLADONIACEAE [ 132. Cladonia 



light greenish gray to greenish white squamules; white below, or brownish toward 

 the base; podetia arising from the primary thallus, cylindrical, cupless, more or 

 less dichotomously or irregularly branched, the branches commonly erect or 

 spreading, the fertile apices often dilated, the sterile ones obtuse or pointed, 

 clustered or subsolitary, erect or rarely ascending, variously sorediate, areolate, 

 and squamulose, decorticate toward the base, greenish gray to brownish; apothecia 

 middle-sized to large, 0.75-4.5 mm. across, clustered to conglomerate, borne at 

 the apices of the podetia or branches, the disk flat to convex, brown or rarely 

 reddish brown. 



On soil, New Hampshire and Minnesota. 



47. Cladonia acuminata (Ach.) Norrl.; Vainio, Act. Soc. Faun. Flor. Fenn. 



10:73. 1894. 



Cenomyce pityrea var. acuminata Ach., Syn. Lich. 254. 1814. Cl.Norrlini 

 Vainio. 



Primary thallus persistent or rarely dying, composed of minute to small or 

 middle-sized, smooth to somewhat granulose, crenate or incised-crenate, scattered 

 or crowded, marginally ascending, greenish gray squamules; white below; podetia 

 arising from the primary thallus, cylindrical, slender, short to more or less elon 

 gated, clustered or rarely solitary, more or less irregularly branched toward the 

 apices and rarely so below, the branches short, erect, the apices acuminate, more 

 or less minutely granulose, becoming squamulose below, decorticate above, the 

 cortex subcontinuous and warty or composed of minute, scattered areoles, col- 

 ored like the primary thallus or grayish white; apothecia minute to small, 0.2-0.7 

 mm. across, solitary or clustered on the apices of the podetia and branches, the 

 disk convex, reddish brown. 



On soil, New Hampshire. 



48. Cladonia gracilis (L.) Willd., Fl. Berol. Prodr. 363. 1787. 



Lichen gracilis L., Sp. Fl. 1152. 1753. CI. gracilis var. ecmocyna (Ach.) 

 Scriba. CI. gracilis var. dilatata (Hoffm.) Vainio pro parte. 



Primary thallus commonly persistent, composed of middle-sized, irregularly 

 laciniate or crenate, somewhat flat, inward- or outward-rolled, ascending, clus- 

 tered or scattered, greenish gray to greenish squamules; white below or turning 

 brownish toward the base; podetia arising from the primary thallus, cylindrical 

 and cupless or trumpet-shaped and cup-bearing, commonly in clusters, erect or 

 ascending, the cortex subcontinuous or composed of contiguous or scattered 

 areoles, rarely squamulose toward the base, greenish gray, ashy, greenish or 

 rarely reddish brown, more or less branched, sometimes dying below; cups mid- 

 dle-sized, abruptly or gradually dilated, regular or subregular, shallow or deep, 

 the margin dentate or proliferate, rarely proliferate from the center; apothecia 

 middle-sized to large, 1-4.5 mm. across, commonly borne on short stalks, solitary 

 or in clusters on the margins of the cups, the disk flat to convex, pale to darker 

 brown. 



On soil or rarely on rotten wood, throughout the United States. 

 var. dilacerata Floerke, Clad. Comm. 37. 1828. 



CI. gracilis var. dilatata (Hoffm.) Vainio pro parte. CI. gracilis f. anthocephala 

 Floerke. 



Podetia irregularly top-shaped and often hollow, more or less squamulose even 

 toward the top; cups rather abruptly dilated, at first somewhat regular but be- 

 coming very irregular. 



On soil and old logs, throughout northern United States. 

 var. chordalis (Floerke) Schaer., Lich. Helv. Spic. 32. 1823. 



Capitidaria gracilis var. chordalis Floerke, Ges. Naturf. Freund. Mag. 4:264. 

 1810. CI. gracilis f. hybrida (Hoffm.) Schaer. 



Podetia cylindrical and cupless, or in part hollow and cup-bearing, much 

 branched; usually dying toward the base. 



On soil, from New England westward throughout northern United States. 



