132. Cladonia] 34. CLADONIACEAE 263 



var. aspera Floerke, Clad. Comm. 40. 1828. 

 Capitularia gracilis var. aspera Floerke, in Web. & Mohr, Beitr. Naturk. 2:259. 



1810. 

 Podetia slender, proliferously branched, cylindrical and cupless or cup-bearing, 

 frequently hollow, more or less squamulose; cups few. 

 On soil, New Hampshire, New York, and Montana. 

 var. elongata (Jacq.) E. Fries, Lich. Eur. 219. 1831. 

 Lichen elongatus Jacq., Misc. II. 368. pi. 11, fig. 1. 1781. CI. gracilis i.laon- 



tera Arn. CI. gracilis f . macroceras Floerke. 

 Podetia much elongated, cylindrical and cupless or in part hollow and cup- 

 bearing, sometimes branched, the sides rarely perforate, branched, the branches 

 ascending; cups narrow, regular or rarely more or less oblique. 

 On soil, New England and New York. 



49. Cladonia cornuta (L.) Schaer., Lich. Helv. Spic. 299. 1833. 

 Lichen comutus L., Sp. PI. 1152. 1753. 



Primary thallus composed of middle-sized, irregularly lobate or laciniate, 

 scattered or crowded, flat or inward- or outward-rolled, rarely dying, greenish 

 gray squamules; white below, or turning brownish toward the base; podetia aris- 

 ing from the primary thallus, cylindrical, pointed, elongated, hollow, becoming 

 freely branched, commonly crowded and forming clumps, erect or rarely flexuous, 

 the upper part of the branches commonly sorediate, the cortex subcontinuous or 

 subareolate, areoles elevated, rarely squamulose toward the base, greenish gray 

 to ashy to ashy brown; cups small, gradually or abruptly dilated, the margin 

 dentate and then proliferate, the cavity deep and sorediate; apothecia middle- 

 sized to large, 1.5-6 mm. across, solitary or clustered and confluent on the mar- 

 gins of the cups, the stalks short, the disk flat to convex, brown to brick-red or 

 lighter, commonly pruinose. 



On soil, New Hampshire, Ohio, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Nebraska, Montana, 

 and California. 



50. Cladonia degenerans (Floerke) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 4:273. 1827. 

 Baeomyces degenerans Floerke, Ges. Naturf. Freund. Mag. 1:283. 1807. CI. 



degenerans f. euphorea (Ach.) Floerke. CI. degenerans f. cladomorpha (Ach.) 

 Vainio. 



Primary thallus soon dying, composed of usually middle-sized, irregularly 

 laciniate-lobed, ascending, flat, or slightly inward- or outward-rolled, scattered or 

 clustered, greenish gray or rarely olive-green squamules; white below and turning 

 brownish toward the base; podetia arising from the primary thallus, more or 

 less top-shaped, and cup-bearing, or subcylindrical and cupless. branched, the 

 sides rarely more or less grooved, commonly crowded into large or smaller clumps, 

 erect or ascending, the cortex areolate, the areoles elevated, scattered or in part 

 continuous, more or less squamulose, colored like the primary thallus or varie- 

 gated; cups middle-sized, gradually or abruptly dilated, usually more or less 

 irregular, the cavity rather deep, the margin and often the center of the cups 

 proliferate, the ranks 1-5; apothecia small to middle-sized, 0.5-2 mm. across, 

 solitary or clustered on the apices of podetia or proliferations, the disk flat to 

 convex, brown to pale or reddish brown. 



On soil, from New Hampshire to Virginia, and westward to Washington. 



51. Cladonia cerasphora Vainio, Act. Soc. Faun. Flor. Fenn. 10:167. 1894. 

 CI. degenerans f. hypophylla Nyl. 



Primary thallus sometimes disappearing, composed of middle-sized, flat, some- 

 what elongated, more or less crenate or lobed squamules, greenish gray, varying 

 toward whitish; white or dirty whitish below; podetia arising from the primary 

 thallus, short and squamulose, subcylindrical, erect, ascending, or flexuous, cup- 

 less and pointed, sometimes sparingly branched, the axils frequently open, the 

 cortex subcontinuous, but often chinky-areolate ; apothecia unknown. 



On soil, New York. 



