132. Cladonia] 34. CLADONIACEAE 265 



into small clumps, erect or rarely ascending, the sides rarely somewhat chinky, 

 the cortex subcontinuous, grooved or areolate with commonly closely contiguous 

 and somewhat raised areoles, destitute of squamules or rarely more or less 

 squamulose at the base of the podetia or at the margins of the cups, greenish 

 gray to ashy, yellowish or brownish, or these colors variegated; cups middle-sized 

 to large, usually abruptly dilated, shallow, the margin subentire to dentate, the 

 closed cavity of the cup commonly proliferate, and the proliferations cup-bearing; 

 apothecia small to middle-sized, 0.5-2.5 mm. across, round or irregular and per- 

 forate, sessile or on short stalks, solitary or clustered on the margin of the cups, 

 the disk flat to convex, pale or darker brown. (Plate 23.) 

 On soil, throughout the United States. 



var. cervicornis (Ach.) Flot, Linnaea 22:380. 1849. 

 Lichen cervicornis Ach., Lich. Suec. 184. 1798. CI. verticillata var. subcervi- 



cornis Vainio. 

 Primary thallus persistent; podetia rather short; cups becoming one or rarely 

 more times proliferate from the center or from the margin of the cups, or even 

 from the sides of the podetia. 



On soil, throughout the United States. 



56. Cladonia calycantha Del; Nyl., Flora 38:673. 1855. 



Primary thallus persistent, or finally dying, composed of middle-sized, lobate, 

 incised or crenate, ascending, concave and often slightly inward-rolled, commonly 

 clustered, greenish gray to whitish green squamules; white below, commonly 

 turning dark toward the base; podetia arising from primary thallus, cylindrical, 

 hollow, clustered, sometimes branched, commonly erect or rarely somewhat 

 curved, the cortex subcontinuous or areolate, colored like the primary thallus; 

 cups small, abruptly dilated, the margin commonly several times proliferate; 

 apothecia small to middle-sized, 0.3-1.5 mm. or more across, solitary or rarely 

 clustered and confluent, shortly stalked on the margins of the cups, the disk flat 

 to convex, brown to reddish brown. 



On soil, Florida. 



57. Cladonia fimbriata (L.) E. Fries, Lich. Eur. 222. 1831. 

 Lichen fimbriatus L., Sp. PI. 1152. 1753. 



Primary thallus commonly persistent, composed of digitately or irregularly in- 

 cised or lobed, flat or concave, frequently inward- or outward-rolled, ascending, 

 clustered or scattered, middle-sized squamules, greenish gray to greenish or 

 whitish; white below or darkening toward the base, rarely sorediate below and 

 along the edges; podetia arising from the primary thallus, cylindrical or rarely 

 top-shaped, usually clustered into groups, erect, or rarely ascending or irregularly 

 curved, commonly decorticate and more or less sorediate, or corticate toward 

 the base and below the cups, the cortex areolate, warty or subcontinuous, desti- 

 tute of squamules or more or less squamulose toward the base, colored like the 

 primary thallus, the apices frequently forked or pointed; cups well developed or 

 abortive, abruptly or gradually dilated, regular or irregular, the cavity deep and 

 sorediate, the margin usually dentate or proliferate; apothecia middle-sized, 0.8- 

 2 mm. across, solitary and rounded or irregularly conglomerate, sessile or stalked 

 on the margins of the cups or on the apices of podetia, the disk flat to convex, 

 brown or reddish brown. 



On soil and old wood, throughout the United States. 



var. simplex (Weiss) Flot.; Vainio, Act. Soc. Faun. Flor. Fenn. 10:256. 1894. 

 Lichen pyxidatus var. simplex Weiss, PI. Crypt. Gott. 84. 1770. CI. fimbriata 



var. simplex f. minor (Hag.) Vainio. 

 Podetia rather short, erect and straight, cylindrical or narrowly top-shaped; 

 cups well developed, the margin entire or dentate. 

 On soil, throughout the United States. 



