132. Cladonia] 34. CLADONIACEAE 267 



continuous and warty or composed of small, raised and contiguous areoles, some- 

 times squamulose, often cupless, the sterile apices obtuse or pointed, colored like 

 the primary thallus; cups narrow, gradually or abruptly dilated, more or less 

 irregular, the cavity rather shallow, the margin dentate, lacerate or proliferate; 

 apothecia small to middle-sized, 0.5-2.5 mm. across, often conglomerate, borne on 

 short stalks on the margin of the cups or at the cupless apices of podetia, the 

 disk flat to convex, brick-red to brown. 



On soil, widely distributed throughout northern United States. 



var. phyllophora (Mudd) Vainio, Act. Soc. Faun. Flor. Fenn. 10:355. 1894. 



CI. pyxidata var. pityrea f. phyllophora Mudd. Mon. Brit. Clad. 15. 1865. 



Podetia cupless and squamulose. 



On soil over rocks, northern Minnesota, 

 var. subacuta Vainio, Act. Soc. Faun. Flor. Fenn. 10:355. 1894. 



Podetia always cupless, wholly granulate or sorediate-granulate, or corticate 

 toward the base, seldom squamulose. 



On old wood, Minnesota. 



59. Cladonia microphylliza Merrill, Bryologist 27:22. 1924. 



Primary thallus persistent, densely covering the substratum, composed of 

 middle-sized, narrow, long, ascending, irregularly branched, pale greenish gray to 

 whitish or pale brownish squamules, the branches densely covered with minute 

 coralloid branchlets or granules; scarcely lighter below; podetia arising from the 

 primary thallus, whitish, erect or ascending, of moderate length, cylindrical to 

 somewhat irregular, cupless, commonly two or three times branched toward the 

 apex, the branches short, the main axils and sometimes portions of the branches 

 without cortex, the former and sometimes the latter more or less clothed with 

 minute squamules, coralloid branchlets, or granules; apothecia middle-sized, 0.5- 

 1 mm. across, solitary or sometimes clustered on the ends of branches, the disk 

 convex, often irregular, flesh-colored to light brown. 



On a rotten cypress log, near Sanford, Florida. 



60. Cladonia foliacea (Huds.) Schaer., Lich. Helv. Spic. 294. 1833. 



Lichen foliaceus Huds., Fl. Angl. 457. 1762. CI. alcicornis (Lightf.) Willd. 

 CI. endiviae folia E. Fries. 



Primary thallus commonly persistent, composed of long, narrow, palmately 

 cleft, irregularly crenate or lobed and incised, ascending, clustered, greenish 

 squamules, the tips and sides bearing darkening fibrils, greenish gray to brownish; 

 white below; podetia arising from the primary thallus, short, cylindrical and often 

 hollow, rarely branched, erect, the cortex subcontinuous or areolate, colored like 

 the primary thallus, rarely squamulose toward the base; cups small, somewhat 

 irregular, the margin subentire to dentate and sometimes proliferate; apothecia 

 middle-sized, 0.8-1.5 mm. across, the disk flat to convex, brick-colored to brown. 



On soil, from Massachusetts to Florida, and westward to California and Wash- 

 ington. 



61. Cladonia strepsilis (Ach.) Vainio, Act. Soc. Faun. Flor. Fenn. 10:403-12. 



1894. 



Baeomyces strepsilis Ach., Meth. Lich. Suppl. 52. 1803. CI. sobolifera (Del.) 

 Nyl. 



Primary thallus persistent or finally dying, composed of middle-sized to large, 

 irregularly or subdichotomously laciniate, plane or concave or slightly inward- 

 rolled, ascending, clustered, rather fragile, greenish gray to olive squamules; 

 white below; podetia arising from the primary thallus, irregularly subcylindrical 

 or dilated toward the apex, cupless, terminated by perfect or imperfect apothecia, 

 sometimes irregularly branched toward the apices, the apices and axils closed or 

 fissured, the sides smooth to chinky, sometimes fissured, the cortex areolate and 

 warty or in part subcontinuous, the warts and areoles often elevated, commonly 



