268 34. CLADONIACEAE [ 132. Cladonia 



more or less squamulose, colored like the primary thallus; apothecia small to 

 middle-sized, 0.3-1.2 mm. across, solitary or clustered and heaped on the apices of 

 the branches, the disk flat to convex, becoming dark brown. 

 On soil, Massachusetts, Tennessee, Florida, and Alabama. 



62. Cladonia botrytes (Hag.) Willd., FI. Berol. Prodr. 365. 1787. 

 Lichen botrytes Hag., Tent. Hist. Lich. 121. pi. 2, f. 9. 1782. 



Primary thallus commonly persistent, composed of small, crenate, incised, or 

 various-laciniate, flat, inward-rolled, or rarely convex, commonly ascending, scat- 

 tered or rarely clustered, greenish gray to straw-colored or olive-green squamules; 

 white below; podetia arising from the primary thallus, slender, cylindrical or sub- 

 cylindrical, usually branched toward the apex, or rarely toward the base, erect or 

 variously curved or flexuous, the cortex warty or divided into rather small contigu- 

 ous or scattered areoles, colored like the primary thallus; cups rare and abortive, 

 in the axils of branches when present; apothecia small to middle-sized, 0.4-2 mm. 

 across, round to irregular, frequently clustered or conglomerate, the disk flat to 

 convex, pale flesh-colored to pale brown, rarely somewhat pruinose. 



On old wood, from New York to Florida, and westward to Minnesota and 

 Nebraska. 



63. Cladonia piedmontensis Merrill, Bryologist 27:22, 23. 1924. 



CI. substraminea Nyl., Syn. Lich. 204. 1860 (in part); CI. lepidota E. Fries, 

 in Tuck., Syn. N. A. Lich. 249. 1882 (in part) ; CI. cristatella f. lepidifera 

 Vainio. 



Primary thallus persistent or disappearing, composed of small to middle-sized, 

 entire to irregularly incised and lobed, flat, greenish gray to yellowish squamules; 

 white or whitish below; podetia arising from the primary thallus, small to middle- 

 sized, erect, cylindrical to somewhat top-shaped, unbranched or branched above, 

 the axils closed, strongly corticate, the cortex sometimes broken, more or less 

 beset with small, irregularly incised squamules, colored like the primary thallus; 

 cups commonly abortive, irregular; apothecia terminal on the margin of the cups 

 or apices of the podetia, commonly clustered, the disk flat to convex, light brown 

 to brown. 



On soil or rarely on old wood, from Massachusetts to Alabama. 



64. Cladonia cyanipes (Sommerf.) Vainio, Act. Soc. Faun. Flor. Fenn. 10:431. 



1894. 



Cenomyce cyanipes Sommerf., Phys. Beckr. Saltd. 62. 1826. CI. Despreaaxii 

 (Bory.) Tuck. CI. carneoia var. cyanipes (Sommerf.) E. Fries. 



Primary thallus composed of middle-sized or small, laciniate, incised or 

 crenate, ascending, flat or concave, scattered or clustered, often dying, straw- 

 colored to greenish gray squamules; straw-colored below and sometimes soredi- 

 ate here and along the margins; podetia arising from the primary thallus, elon- 

 gated, cylindrical, slender and rarely irregularly branched, clustered or scattered, 

 erect or rarely flexuous and curved, the lower part frequently corticate, the cortex 

 dispersed-areolate and warty, the apices pointed or blunt, rarely terminated by 

 apothecia, colored like the primary thallus; apothecia small, 0.3-0.5 mm. across, 

 solitary on the apices of normal branches, the disk commonly convex, pale brown 

 to tinged with brick-red. 



On soil, White Mountains, New Hampshire. 



65. Cladonia carneoia E. Fries, Lich. Eur. 233. 1831. 

 Cenomyce carneoia E. Fries, Sched. Crit. fasc. 4. 23. 1824. 



Primary thallus persistent or dying, composed of lobate, closely laciniate, or 

 crenate, middle-sized, flat or inward-rolled, ascending, aggregate or scattered, 

 greenish gray or straw-colored squamules; whitish or rarely straw-colored below, 

 turning dark toward the base, sorediate and often slightly granulose; podetia 

 arising from the primary thallus, of medium length, sorediate, cylindrical to top- 



