134. Gyrophora] 35. GYROPHORACEAE 273 



granulose, finely chinky-areolate and more or less reticulated by finally coalescing 

 ridges; brownish to darker brown below, and smooth to minutely granulose; apo- 

 thecia small to middle-sized, 0.6-1.5 mm. across, round, sessile, the disk concave 

 to slightly convex, black, rarely becoming obscurely folded, the blackish exciple 

 strongly developed; hypothecium brown; spores ovoid-ellipsoid, 12-15 X 5.5-8 /*. 

 On rocks at high "elevation, New Hampshire, Colorado, Nevada, California, 

 Oregon, and Washington. 



3. Gyrophora arctica Ach., Meth. Lich. 106. pi. 2, f. 6. 1803. 



Umbilkaria proboscidea var. arctica (Ach.) E. Fries. 



Thallus small to middle-sized, thick, becoming much wrinkled and somewhat 

 granulose, grayish brown to brownish black, the margin irregularly crenate to 

 torn-lobed, and reflexed; pale yellowish or brownish to brownish black and mi- 

 nutely chinky to granulose below; apothecia small to middle-sized, 1-2 mm. across, 

 adnate to subsessile, round to rarely ellipsoid, the disk flat to slightly convex, 

 black, becoming closely folded, the blackish exciple becoming flexuous and dis- 

 appearing; hypothecium brown; spores ellipsoid, 11-19 X 6-10 /x. 



On rocks at high elevation, New England and California. 



4. Gyrophora phaea (Tuck.) Nyl.; Hue, Nouv. Arch. III. 3:37. 1891. 



Umbilkaria phaea Tuck., Lich. Calif. 15. 1866. 



Thallus small to middle-sized, smooth, ashy to tawny brown and blackening, 

 the margin becoming unevenly crenulate to rarely torn-lobed; paler to rarely dull 

 black below, and minutely granulose; apothecia small to middle-sized, 0.6-1.2 mm. 

 across, immersed to subadnate, angulate and often crowded into clusters near the 

 margin, the disk convex, black, becoming closely folded; hypothecium brown; 

 spores ellipsoid, finally brown, 10-15 X 5.5-8.5 jx. 



On rocks, Montana, Nevada, California, Oregon, and Washington. Reported 

 also from North Carolina. 



5. Gyrophora hyperborea Ach., Meth. Lich. 104. 1803. 



Lichen hyperboreus Ach., Vet. Akad. Handl. 15:89. 1794. Umbilkaria hyper- 

 borea (Ach.) Hoffm. 



Thallus middle-sized, round to irregular, smooth to more or less pustular- 

 wrinkled, olive-brown to brown, often perforate here and there, the margin spar- 

 ingly lobed and becoming jagged; grayish brown to blackish below and more or 

 less pitted; apothecia small to middle-sized, 0.4-2.4 mm. across, subsessile, round 

 to oblong or angulate, the disk convex and black, becoming folded, the exciple 

 thin and black; hypothecium dark brown; spores ellipsoid, 12—17 X 5.5—8.5 /x. 

 (Plate 25.) 



On rocks at high elevation, from New Hampshire to Minnesota and Nevada, 

 thence westward to Washington, Oregon, and California. 



6. Gyrophora deusta (L.) Ach., Meth. Lich. 102. 1803. 



Lichen deustus L., Sp. PL 1150. 1753. G. flocculosa (Wulf.) Borr. & Turn. 

 Umbilkaria flocculosa (Wulf.) Hoffm. 



Thallus small to middle-sized, sometimes deeply lobed, thin, smooth to some- 

 what scurfy, olive to blackish brown, the margin reflexed; blackish brown and 

 more or less reticulately pitted below; apothecia small, 0.6-0.9 mm. across, rare, 

 sessile, round, the disk flat to convex, black, becoming slightly folded, the exciple 

 thin and disappearing; hypothecium brown; spores ellipsoid, sometimes slightly 

 curved, 18-28 X 6-9.5 fi. 



On rocks, usually at high elevations, Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Minne- 

 sota, and South Dakota. 



7. Gyrophora polyphylla (L.) Funck, Crypt. Gewachse 4. 1804. 



Lichen polyphyllus L., Sp. PI. 1150. 1753. Umbilkaria polyphylla (L.) Baumg. 



Thallus small and irregular, usually crinkled, sometimes deeply lobed and 



somewhat imbricated, smooth, dark olive-brown to black, the margin crenate to 



