330 39. PARMELIACEAE [154. Parmelia 



37. Parmelia flavicans Tuck., Syn. N. A. Lich. 1:53. 1882. 

 P.perlata var. flavicans Tuck., Lich. Calif. 13. 1866. 



Thallus middle-sized, loosely adnate, pale yellow, smooth, bearing pale soredia, 

 the lobes wide, not much elongated, with round, wavy-crenate margins; black 

 below and brown toward the margins, black rhizoids scattered or absent; apothecia 

 small to middle-sized, 3-7 mm. across, sessile, the disk concave, chestnut-brown, 

 the exciple entire; spores ellipsoid, 17-22 X 8-12/*. 



On rocks, California. 



38. Parmelia praesignis Nyl., Bull. Soc. Linn. Norm. II. 6:270. 1872. 



Thallus middle-sized to large, loosely adnate, smooth to wrinkled, greenish 

 yellow to yellowish brown, the lobes irregular, broad, somewhat imbricated, the 

 margins broadly crenate; black below, densely wrinkled and bearing few black 

 rhizoids; apothecia small to middle-sized, 1-3 mm. across, sessile, the disk concave, 

 chestnut-brown to dark brown, the exciple thin, colored like the thallus or slightly 

 darker, becoming obscurely wavy; hypothecium hyaline; spores ovoid, 13-16 X 

 6-9 /x. 



On trees, Arizona. Material scanty and doubtfully admitted. 



39. Parmelia arizonica (Tuck.) Nyl., Lich. Jap. 104. 1890. 



Omphalodium hottentottum var. arizonicum Tuck.; Willey, Bull. Torr. Club 

 8:140. 1881. Omphalodium arizonicum Tuck. 



Thallus small to middle-sized, irregularly lobed, minutely wrinkled, becoming 

 ridged, greenish gray to yellowish or yellowish green, the lobes few, broad, with 

 crenate margins; black and ridged below, and densely covered with minute black 

 tubercles; apothecia small to middle-sized, 1.5-5 mm. across, sessile to subsessile, 

 the disk concave to slightly convex, chestnut-brown to brownish black, the exciple 

 thin, colored like the thallus, becoming flexuous and subcrenate, rarely blackening; 

 asci becoming ventricose; spores ellipsoid, 8-14 X 6-8 jx. 



On rocks, Nevada, Arizona, and New Mexico. 



40. Parmelia caperata (L.) Ach., Meth. Lich. 216. 1803. 



Lichen caperatus L., Sp. PI. 1147. 1753. P. cylisphora (Ach.) Vainio. 



Thallus middle-sized to large, closely adnate, straw-colored to yellowish or 

 whitish, commonly more or less wrinkled and often bearing soredia or coralloid 

 branchlets, the lobes short and wide, more or less branched, with incised, crenate 

 or subentire, ascending margins; black below with rhizoids of the same color, 

 except toward the margins, where lighter colored, usually with lighter colored rhi- 

 zoids; apothecia sessile, middle-sized, 4-12 mm. across, rarely present, the disk 

 concave, chestnut-brown, the exciple subentire to crenulate, and frequently bearing 

 soredia or coralloid branchlets; spores 13-20 X 7-10 jx. (Plate 35.) 



On trees, old wood, and rocks, throughout the United States. 



41. Parmelia ulophylla (Ach.) Merrill, Bryologist 11:91,92. 1908. 

 P. caperata var. ulophylla Ach., Lich. Univ. 458. 1810. 



Thallus middle-sized to large, almost round, greenish yellow to brownish, 

 densely wrinkled and folded, granulose and often whitish sorediate or soraliate 

 toward the center, the lobes marginal, convex or flat, with ascending, cut-crenate 

 margins; black below, and brownish toward the margin, with few and scattered 

 rhizoids; apothecia rare, small to middle-sized, 5-10 mm. across, subsessile, the 

 disk concave, chestnut-brown, the exciple colored like the thallus, slightly crenate 

 and sometimes externally sorediate; spores ellipsoid, 14-18 X 6-9 p.. 



On trees, North Carolina and New Mexico. 



42. Parmelia sulphurata Nees & Flot, Linnaea 9:501. 1834. 

 P. chrysantha Tuck. 



Thallus middle-sized to large, loosely adnate, greenish yellow, bearing granules 

 or coralloid branchlets, sulphur-colored within, the lobes broad and wrinkled, be- 

 coming more or less branched, with crenate, ciliate margins; black below with 

 black rhizoids, often brown toward the margins; apothecia rare, subsessile, small 



