332 



39. PARMELIACEAE [ 154. Parmelia 



48. Parmelia molliuscula Ach., Lich. Univ. 492. 1810. 

 P. chlorochroa Tuck. P. molliuscula var. vagans Nyl. 



Thallus middle-sized, procumbent, subfruticose, straw-colored, the lobes nar- 

 row, substellate or loosely entangled, repeatedly dichotomously or irregularly 

 branched, the branches convex, with recurved margins; brownish black to black 

 below, channeled, and bearing rhizoids; apothecia extremely rare, middle-sized, 

 2-6 mm. across, subsessile, the disk concave to flat, chestnut-brown, the exciple 

 entire to subcrenate; spores ellipsoid, 4—5.5 X 9.5-10.5 jx. 



On soil, from Nebraska to North Dakota, and westward into the Rocky 

 Mountains. 



49. Parmelia aspidota (Ach.) Rohling, Deutschl. Fl. 3 2 :100. 1813. 



P. olivacea var. aspidota Ach., Meth. Lich. 214. 1803. P. olivacea var. exasperata 

 (Ach.) Nyl. 



Thallus small to middle-sized, closely adnate, pale to darker olivaceous, more 

 or less wrinkled and covered with minute warts or coralloid branchlets, the lobes 

 moderately wide, sometimes branched and imbricated, the margins entire to cre- 

 nate; brownish black below with scattered brown to black rhizoids; apothecia small 

 to middle-sized, 3-6 mm. across, subsessile, the disk concave to flat, chestnut- 

 brown or darker, the exciple thin, becoming warty or covered with minute coralloid 

 branchlets; spores ovoid-ellipsoid, 7-10 X 5-7 /x. 



On trees and wood, throughout the northern states, and southward, especially 

 in the mountains. 



50. Parmelia conspurcata (Schaer.) Vainio, Medd. Soc. Faun. Flor. Fenn. 14:22. 



1888. 

 P. olivacea var. corticola f. conspurcata Schaer., Lich. Helv. Spic. 10:466. 1840. 



P. verruculifera Nyl. 



Thallus middle-sized or larger, loosely adnate, olivaceous, more or less wrin- 

 kled, usually bearing whitening coralloid branchlets or soredia, the lobes rather 

 broad and short or somewhat elongated, radiate and often branched, sometimes 

 imbricated, the margins often ascending more or less, wavy or crenate, rarely 

 white-powdery; black or blackish below, except the brown areas toward the mar- 

 gins, and bearing blackish rhizoids; apothecia middle-sized, 4-7 mm. across, sub- 

 sessile, the disk concave, chestnut-brown, the exciple crenate and often wrinkled; 

 spores oblong-ellipsoid, 9-15 X 6-8 p.. 



On trees and rarely on rocks, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Iowa, and California. 



51. Parmelia sorediata (Ach.) Rohling, Deutschl. Fl. 3 2 :103. 1813. 



P.stygia var. sorediata Ach., Lich. Univ. 471. 1810. P.prolixa var. sorediata 

 (Ach.) Nyl. 



Thallus small to middle-sized, closely adnate, olive-brown to brownish black, 

 the central portions wrinkled and folded, covered usually thickly with whitish to 

 greenish gray soredia, the lobes narrow and becoming long and digitately much- 

 branched, with entire to obscurely crenate margins; black below with numerous 

 fibrils of the same color; apothecia small to middle-sized, 3-7 mm. across, sub- 

 sessile, the disk concave, of the same color as the thallus, the exciple entire; spores 

 ellipsoid, 10-14 X 5-10 [x. 



On rocks, New England, New York, Ohio, Wyoming, New Mexico, and Cali- 

 fornia. 



52. Parmelia omphalodes (L.) Ach., Lich. Meth. 204. 1803. 



Lichen omphalodes L., Sp. PI. 1143. 1753. P.saxatilis war. omphalodes E. Fries. 



Thallus small to middle-sized, loosely adnate, brown to brownish black, smooth 

 and often shining, sometimes bearing coralloid branchlets, the lobes becoming long 

 and narrow, branched and often imbricated; brownish black to black below and 

 covered by black rhizoids; apothecia small to very large, 4-18 mm. across, sub- 



