159. Ramalina ] 40. USNEACEAE 343 



8. Alectoria ochroleuca (Ehrh.) Mass., Sched. Crit. 2:47. 1855. 



Lichen ochroleucus Ehrh., Beitr. Naturk. 3:82. 1788. A. ochroleuca var. rigida 

 E. Fries. 



Thallus long, erect, rigid, straw-colored or greenish, the reflexed tips blacken- 

 ing, often pitted or papillate, dichotomously much-branched, branches cylindrical 

 to flattened, the tips often furcate; apothecia small to middle-sized, 3-8 mm. 

 across, subterminal to lateral, sessile, the disk concave to convex, chestnut-brown 

 or darker, the exciple becoming covered; spores 2-4, brown, ellipsoid, 18-48 X 

 9-24 ft. 



On soil, rocks, mosses, and trees, Maine and California, usually at high 

 altitudes. 



9. Alectoria sarmentosa Ach., Lich. Univ. 595. 1810. 



Lichen sarmentosns Ach., Kongl. Vet. Acad. Nya Handl. 16:212. 1795. A. och- 

 roleuca var. cincinnata (E. Fries) Nyl. 



Thallus long, prostrate to hanging, straw-colored to greenish, or sometimes 

 blackening, often pitted or papillate, sparingly branched dichotomously, or 

 branched more frequently toward the tapering ends, the branches cylindrical to 

 slightly flattened, dilated here and there; apothecia small to middle-sized, 3-7 mm. 

 across, lateral, sessile, the disk concave to convex, pale yellow to dark brown, the 

 exciple becoming covered; spores brown, ellipsoid, 20-48 X 12-24 /x. 



On trees, especially conifers, mountains of Maine, New Hampshire, and Ver- 

 mont, southward to New Jersey, and reappearing in California, Oregon, Wash- 

 ington, Montana, and Idaho. 



10. Alectoria virens Tayl., Lond. Journ. Bot. 6:188. 1847. 



A. tortuosa Merrill. 



Thallus pliant, long, hanging, sulphur-green tinged with brown, subdichot- 

 omously branched, the branches slender, elongated, cylindrical to flattened, bent 

 and twisted, the tips tapering, flexuous, and black; apothecia rare and uncertain. 



On trees and old wood, Oregon and Washington. 



159. Ramalina Ach., Lich. Univ. 122. pi. 13, f. 5-11. 1810. 



Thallus fruticose, erect or prostrate, the lobes flattened, usually tufted, more 

 or less dichotomously branched, differentiated into a cortical layer of closely inter- 

 woven, longitudinally extending hyphae, an indistinct algal layer and the medul- 

 lary tissue of loosely interwoven, longitudinally or variously extending hyphae; 

 apothecia small to large, lateral to terminal, sessile to pedicellate, the disk con- 

 cave to convex, flesh-colored to buff or greenish gray, the exciple colored like the 

 thallus or rarely black; hypothecium hyaline; hymenium hyaline or brownish 

 above; paraphyses rarely branched, adglutinate; asci clavate to cylindrico-clavate; 

 spores 8, hyaline, oblong-ellipsoid or ellipsoid, 1 -septate. 



The algal host is Protococcus. 



A. Thallus black-ciliate 20. R. crinita 



A. Thallus not black-ciliate 



B. Thallus fistulous 



C. Thallus over 10 mm. in height 



D. Apices multifid-dendroid 22. R. pollinariella 



D. Apices not multifid-dendroid 23. R. inflata 



C. Thallus not over 10 mm. in height 21. R. dilacerata 



B. Thallus not fistulous 



C. Thallus open-reticulate 16. R. reticulata 



C. Thallus not open-reticulate 

 D. Thallus erect, caespitose 

 E. Laciniae expanded 



F. Medulla with adglutinated hyphae 2. R. testudinaria 



F. Medulla without adglutinated hyphae 



G. Coriaceous 13. R. fraxinea 



