159. Ramalina ] 40. USNEACEAE 345 



apothecia small to middle-sized, 1-4 or rarely 7 mm. across, lateral or sublateral, 

 the disk concave to convex, often pruinose, the exciple becoming crenulate; spores 

 oblong-ellipsoid, straight or slightly curved, 12-19 X 3.5-5 /a. 

 On trees, Washington, Oregon, and California. 



4. Ramalina combeoides Nyl., Bull. Soc. Linn. Norm. II. 4:107. 1870. 

 Thallus rigid, greenish gray or straw-colored to ashy, the lobes cylindrical to 



somewhat flattened and angular, bearing numerous shallow pits, slender and podetia- 

 like, rarely branched; apothecia small to middle-sized, 1.5-5 mm. across, terminal, 

 the disk concave to flat, the exciple becoming crenulate; spores straight or slightly 

 curved, 10-20 X 3.5-5 fx. 



On trees and maritime rocks, southern California. 



5. Ramalina Duriaei (De Not.) Bagl., Giorn. Bot. Ital. 11:58. 1879. 

 R. pollinaria var. Duriaei De Not., Giorn. Bot. Ital. 2:216. 1846. 



Thallus flaccid, greenish gray to straw-colored, the lobes flattened, expanded, 

 netted-wrinkled, sorediate, variously wavy and torn-lobate; apothecia small to 

 middle-sized, very rare, unknown in our territory, marginal, the disk concave, the 

 exciple usually persistent; spores oblong-ellipsoid to ellipsoid, curved, 10-15 X 

 3.5-4.5 /*. 



On trees and shrubs, southern California. (R. evernoides Nyl. according to some 

 authors, but the two are not identical.) 



6. Ramalina calicaris (L.) Rohling, Deutschl. Fl. 3 2 :139. 1813. 

 Lichen calicaris L., Sp. PL 1146. 1753. 



Thallus rigid, greenish gray to gray, the lobes flattened, narrow, striate or 

 obscurely pitted, considerably furrowed, branched usually dichotomously, numer- 

 ous and crowded, the tips tapering; apothecia small to middle-sized, 1-6 mm. 

 across, lateral or mostly subterminal, the disk concave to convex, often pruinose, 

 the exciple finally disappearing; spores joblong-ellipsoid to ellipsoid, straight or 

 slightly curved, 9-18 X 4-7 /*. (Plate 39.) 



On trees, old wood, and rarely on rocks, eastern United States, and westward 

 to Oklahoma and Minnesota. 



7. Ramalina polymorpha Ach., Lich. Univ. 600. 1810. 



Lichen polymorphic Ach., Vet. Akad. Handl. 18:270. pi. 11, f. 3. 1797. 



Thallus rigid, greenish gray to straw-colored, the lobes flattened, narrow, longi- 

 tudinally wrinkled, granulose-sorediate, moderately branched, the tips blunt; apo- 

 thecia small to middle-sized, 2-5 mm. across, marginal, the disk concave, the 

 exciple usually persistent; spores oblong-ellipsoid to ellipsoid, straight or rarely 

 slightly curved, 11-16 X 4-5 [x. 



On maritime and alpine rocks, Washington and New Hampshire. 



8. Ramalina pollinaria (Westr.) Ach., Lich. Univ. 608. 1810. 

 Lichen pollinarius Westr., Vet. Akad. Nya Handl. 1795:56. 1795. 



Thallus flaccid, greenish gray to flesh-colored, the lobes flattened, sometimes 

 wrinkled, narrow, torn-lobate, powdery-sorediate, especially at the vaulted or 

 bursting tips; apothecia small, 0.8-3 mm. across, subterminal, the disk concave, 

 the exciple rarely disappearing; spores oblong-ellipsoid to ellipsoid, straight or 

 slightly curved, 10-14 X 4-6 //.. 



On trees, rarely on rocks, New England, New York, Ohio, Minnesota, South 

 Dakota, and California. 



9. Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach., Lich. Univ. 606. 1810. 



Lichen farinaceus L., Sp. PI. 1146. 1753. R. calicaris var. farinacea (L.) Rabh. 

 R. intermedia Del. R. farinacea f . lata Merrill. 



Thallus rather rigid, greenish gray to pale straw-colored, the lobes narrow, 

 subcylindrical to flattened, rarely somewhat channeled, longitudinally wrinkled or 

 pitted, dichotomously branched, sorediate. the tips usually tapering; apothecia 



