346 40. USNEACEAE [ 159. Ramalina 



small, 0.8-2.5 mm. across, rare, marginal, the disk concave to convex, the exciple 

 finally disappearing; spores oblong-ellipsoid to ellipsoid, straight or rarely curved, 

 13-17X5-7/*. 



On trees, old wood, and rarely on rocks, throughout the United States, except 

 the Gulf states. 



10. Ramalina fastigiata (Pers.) Ach., Lich. Univ. 603. 1810. 



Lichen jastigiatus Pers., Ann. Bot. Usteri 7:156. 1794. R. calicaris var. fastig- 

 iata (Pers.) E. Fries. R. calicaris var. subfastigiata Nyl. 



Thallus rather rigid, greenish gray to pale straw-colored, the lobes flattened, 

 narrow, longitudinally wrinkled or obscurely pitted, frequently somewhat channeled, 

 dichotomously branched, the tips tapering ; apothecia small to middle-sized, 1-5 mm. 

 across, lateral, often subterminal, the disk concave to convex, the exciple finally 

 disappearing; spores oblong-ellipsoid to ellipsoid, straight or slightly curved, 9-18 

 X 4-7 ix. 



On trees, shrubs, old wood, and rarely on rocks, from Maine to Florida, and 

 westward to Missouri and Minnesota. 



11. Ramalina subamplicata (Nyl.) Fink n. comb. 



R. calicaris var. subamplicata Nyl., Bull. Soc. Linn. Norm. II. 4:132. 1870. 

 R. calicaris var. jraxinea (L.) E. Fries. R. fastigiata var. subamplicata 

 (Nyl.) Howe. 



Thallus rather rigid, pale to dark greenish gray, the lobes flattened, wrinkled 

 or obscurely pitted, torn-lobate, sparsely branched, the tips blunt; apothecia small, 

 1.5-4 mm. across, lateral and marginal, the disk concave to convex, the exciple 

 finally disappearing; spores oblong-ellipsoid to ellipsoid, straight, 9-17X4-7/*. 

 (Plate 42 b.) 



On trees and old wood, from New England to Florida, westward to Kansas, 

 Iowa, and Michigan, and recurring in California. 



12. Ramalina canaliculata (E. Fries) Herre, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 12:220. 1910. 

 R. calicaris var. canaliculata E. Fries, Lich. Eur. 30. 1831. 



Thallus rather rigid, greenish gray to gray, the lobes flattened, striate or ob- 

 scurely pitted, distinctly channeled, narrow, numerous, often crowded, dichot- 

 omously branched, the tips deflexed; apothecia small to middle-sized, 1-4 mm. 

 across, subterminal below the deflexed tips, the disk concave to convex, often 

 pruinose, the exciple finally disappearing; spores oblong-ellipsoid to ellipsoid, 

 straight to slightly curved, 9—18 X 4-7 /*. 



On trees, widely distributed throughout the United States. 



13. Ramalina fraxinea (L.) Ach., Lich. Univ. 602. 1810. 



Lichen fraxineus L., Sp. PI. 1146, 1147. 1753. R. fraxinea var. ampliata Ach. 



Thallus rather rigid, greenish gray to straw-colored, the lobes flattened, 

 wrinkled or veined, expanded, long-lobulate, the tips round; apothecia middle-sized 

 to large, 3-12 mm. across, or larger, lateral and marginal, the disk concave to con- 

 vex, the exciple wrinkled, finally torn-crenate ; spores oblong-ellipsoid to ellipsoid, 

 curved, 11-16 X 5-7/*. 



On trees, Connecticut, Maryland, Delaware, Louisiana, Ohio, Illinois, Iowa, 

 Minnesota, Arizona, and California. 



14. Ramalina yemensis (Ach.) Nyl., Bull. Soc. Linn. Norm. II. 4:144. 1870. 



R. fraxinea var. yemensis Ach., Lich. Univ. 602, 603. 1810. R. laevigata E. Fries. 



Thallus rather rigid, greenish gray to straw-colored, the lobes flattened, longi- 

 tudinally wrinkled or veined, expanded, lanceolate, narrowing toward the pointed 

 tips; apothecia small, 0.5-1.4 mm. across, lateral, the disk concave to convex, the 

 exciple persistent; spores oblong-ellipsoid to ellipsoid, straight to slightly curved, 

 10-18X4.5-7/*. 



On trees, South Carolina, Alabama, Louisiana, Texas, New Mexico, Wyoming, 

 and southern California. 



