163. Protoblastenia ] 41. CALOPLACACEAE 351 



161. Thamnolia Ach., in Schaer., Enum. Lich. Eur. 243. 1850. 



Thallus fruticose, composed of prostrate to erect, hollow, rarely branched, 

 pointed podetia, differentiated into a plectenchymatous cortical layer of horizon- 

 tally extending hyphae, an algal layer and a thin medullary layer of longitudinally 

 extending hyphae around the hollow center; apothecia unknown. 



The algal host is Pleurococcus. 



1. Thamnolia vermicularis (Swartz) Schaer., Enum. Lich. Eur. 243. pi. 9, f. 7. 

 1850. 



Lichen vermicularis Swartz, Meth. Muse. 37. 1781. 



Podetia short to elongated, ascending or erect, hollow and cylindrical or slightly 

 flattened, smooth to somewhat wrinkled and becoming furrowed, often densely 

 clustered, sparingly branched, sometimes forked toward the pointed tips, chalky 

 white to ashy; apothecia unknown. 



On soil, New England, New York, Montana, and Washington. 



162. Siphula E. Fries, Syst. Orb. Veg. 1:238. 1825. 



Thallus fruticose, sparingly branched, the cortex of closely packed, branched, 

 longitudinally extending hyphae, the medulla of loosely packed, branched hyphae, 

 extending in various directions and filling the entire cylinder; apothecia unknown. 



The algal host is Protococcus. 



1. Siphula simplex (Tayl.) Nyl., Syn. Meth. Lich. 1:262. 1860. 



Dujourea simplex Tayl., Lond. Journ. Bot. 6:185. 1847. 



Thallus small to middle-sized, ashy white to rarely grayish, smooth to becoming 

 minutely granulose, erect, solid, cylindrical, passing into short, nodulose, bluntly 

 or pointedly tipped branches; apothecia unknown. 



On old wood, southern California. 



41. CALOPLACACEAE 



Thallus crustose or rarely somewhat fruticose, showing little or no differentiation 

 into layers, attached to the substratum by hyphal rhizoids; apothecia round, im- 

 mersed to adnate or sessile, with well-developed proper or thalloid exciple. 



The algal host is Protococcus. 



A. Apothecia with proper exciple 



B. Spores non-septate 163. Protoblastenia 



B. Spores septate 



C. Spores 1-septate, cells polar 164. Blastenia 



C. Spores 3-several-septate 165. Bombyliospora 



A. Apothecia with thalloid exciple 166. Caloplaca 



163. Protoblastenia Steiner, Verh. Ges. Wien. 61:47. 1911. 



Thallus crustose, smooth to rough, granulose, chinky or areolate, devoid of 

 differentiation into layers, attached to the substratum by hyphal rhizoids; apo- 

 thecia minute to small or middle-sized, immersed to adnate or sessile, the disk 

 concave to flat or convex, the exciple colored like the disk, often disappearing; 

 hypothecium hyaline; hymenium hyaline or brownish above; paraphyses un- 

 branched; asci clavate; spores 8, hyaline, oblong to ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, 

 non-septate. 



The algal host is Protococcus. 



1. Protoblastenia rupestris (Scop.) Steiner, Verh. Ges. Wien. 61:47. 1911. 



Lichen rupestris Scop., Fl. Cam. ed. 2. 1. 396. 1772. Lecanora calva (Dicks.) 



Nyl. Placodium rupestre (Scop.) Branth & Rostr. Lecidea rupestris (Scop.) 



Ach. 



Thallus thin, ashy to dirty whitish, minutely granulose, sometimes crumbling 



and disappearing; apothecia small to middle-sized, 0.3-1 mm. across, adnate, the 



