356 41. CALOPLACACEAE [ 166. Caloplaca 



C. Spores rarely less than IS n in length 



D. Apothecia large, 0.7-2 mm. across 38. C. peliophylla 



D. Apothecia smaller, 0.4-0.8 mm. across 26. C. atroalba 



1. Caloplaca cinnabarina (Ach.) Zahlbr., in E. & P., Nat. Pfl. 1 1 :228. 1907. 

 Lecanora cinnabarina Ach.. Lich. Univ. 402. 1810. Placodium cinnabarinum 



(Ach.) Nyl. 



Thallus chinky to areolate, light or darker orange, the areoles becoming scaly 

 and somewhat imbricated or scattered and more or less crenately lobed; apothecia 

 minute to small, 0.2-0.7 mm. across, adnate, sometimes angular, numerous, often 

 obscuring much of the thallus, the disk flat to slightly convex, dark orange to 

 cinnabar, the exciple somewhat lighter or of the same color as the thallus, some- 

 times raised, entire; spores ellipsoid, 7-13 X 5-7 /x. 



On rocks, throughout the United States. 



2. Caloplaca aurantiaca (Lightf.) T. Fries, Nov. Act. Reg. Soc. Sci. Ups. III. 



3:219. 1861. 



Lichen aurantiacus Lightf., Fl. Scot. 2:810. 1777. Placodium aurantiacum 

 (Lightf.) Anzi. 



Thallus well developed, pale to lemon- or darker-yellow, gray, or whitish, smooth 

 and chinky or becoming verrucose, wrinkled, or even areolate, sometimes scattered; 

 apothecia small to middle-sized, 0.2-1 mm. across, adnate to sessile, the disk flat 

 to slightly convex, orange to chestnut-brown, the exciple sometimes raised, lemon- 

 yellow to greenish gray, becoming wavy, rarely disappearing; spores ellipsoid, 

 11-18 X 6^9 ^t. 



On trees, old wood, and rocks, throughout the United States. 



3. Caloplaca erythrella (Ach.) Kieffer, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Metz. 67. 1895. 

 Lichen erythrellus Ach., Lich. Suec. 43. 1798. Placodium aurantiacum var. ery- 



threllum (Ach.) E. Fries. 



Thallus thin to moderately thick, smooth to somewhat rough, chinky to areolate, 

 yellow to yellowish orange or brownish; apothecia small to middle-sized, 0.4-0.8 

 mm. across, adnate, the disk flat to slightly convex, yellow to brownish orange or 

 yellowish brown, the exciple thin, colored like the thallus, becoming crenulate; 

 spores ellipsoid, 12-18 X 7-10 /x. 



On old wood and stones, New England. 



4. Caloplaca subpyracella (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Beih. Bot. Centralb. 13:149. 1902. 



Lecanora subpyracella Nyl.; Hasse, Bull. Torr. Club 24:446,447. 1897. Blas- 

 tema subpyracella (Nyl.) Hasse. 



Thallus thin and evanescent, when present subgranulose, yellowish to reddish 

 yellow or brownish; apothecia small to middle-sized. 0.25-0.8 mm. across, subsessile, 

 the disk concave to slightly convex, light orange to olive-green, the exciple yellow 

 to light orange, raised; spores oblong-ellipsoid, 12-20X6-8 it. 



On soil and sandstone, southern California. 



5. Caloplaca flavovirescens Arn. ; Wulf., Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Vein. 32:151. 



1882. 



Thallus thin, granulose to chinky or areolate, yellow-ashy to brownish orange, 

 often more or less scattered; apothecia minute to small, 0.1-0.5 mm. across, often 

 crowded and angular, subimmersed to adnate, the disk flat to slightly convex, 

 orange to rusty brown, the exciple thin or moderately thick, colored like the thallus, 

 becoming wavy or disappearing and exposing a yellowish proper one; spores 

 ellipsoid, often slightly curved, non-septate to 1-septate, the cells polar, 14-18 X 

 6.5-8 /x. 



On rocks, Indiana and South Dakota. 



6. Caloplaca Schaereri (Floerke) Zahlbr., Ann. Nat. Hofm. Wein. 5:29. 1890. 



Lecidea Schaereri Floerke; Am., Flora 64:312. pi. 6, f. 5-7. 1881. 

 Thallus thin, becoming chinky to minutely areolate, yellowish orange, varying 

 toward brown; apothecia minute to small, 0.25-0.6 mm. across, sessile, the disk flat 



