166. Caloplaca] 41. CALOPLACACEAE 361 



29. Caloplaca murorum (Hoffm.) T. Fries, Lich. Scand. 1:170. 1871. 



Lichen murorum Hoffm., Enum. Lich. Icon. 63. pi. 9, f. 2. 1784. C. murorum 



var.miniatum (Hoffm.) T. Fries. C. murorum var. decipiens (Arn.) Herre. 



Placodium murorum var. miniatum (Hoffm.) Duby. Placodium murorum 



(Hoffm.) DC. 



Thallus crustose to lobed and subfoliose, bright yellow to orange, sometimes 



whitish subpruinose, somewhat verrucose toward the center, the margin lobed, 



the lobes short and somewhat branched, or the whole thallus verrucose to squamu- 



lose without marginal lobing; apothecia small, 0.4-1 mm. across, sessile, concave 



to flat, orange-red, the exciple of the same color as the thallus, commonly crenu- 



late; spores ovoid-ellipsoid, 10-15 X 5-8 p. 



On rocks, northern United States, also in Arizona. 



30. Caloplaca modesta (Zahlbr.) Fink n. comb. 



Xanthoria modesta Zahlbr., Bull. Torr. Club 35:298,299. 1908. Teloschistes 

 modesta (Zahlbr.) Fink. 



Thallus well developed, dirty yellow to greenish gray, areolate, the margin 

 rarely of short crenate lobules; apothecia minute to small, 0.1-0.6 mm. across, 

 sessile, the disk flat to convex, rusty brown to orange, the exciple dirty yellow to 

 orange or of the same color as the thallus, entire, soon depressed; spores ellipsoid, 

 9-12 X 5-8 p. 



On rocks, Maryland and Arizona. 



31. Caloplaca bracteata (Hoffm.) Jatta, Syll. Lich. Ital. 236. 1900. 



Psora bracteata Hoffm., Deutschl. Fl. 2:169. 1795. Placodium bracteatum 

 (Hoffm.) Nyl. Placodium julgens var. bracteatum (Hoffm.) Ach. 



Thallus granulose to subareolate or verrucose-lobulate, pale to lemon-yellow; 

 apothecia minute to small, 0.2-1 mm. across, sessile, angular when crowded, the 

 disk flat, tawny red to brown, the exciple of the same color as the thallus, entire 

 to wavy, sometimes disappearing; spores ellipsoid, obscurely or rarely 1 -septate, 

 the cells polar, 8-11 X 4-6 /x. 



On moss and soil, from Montana and South Dakota southward to Nebraska. 



32. Caloplaca lobulata (Floerke) Hellb., Bih. Kgl. Sven. Vet. 21:67. 1896. 

 Lecanora lobulata Floerke, in Spreng., Neue Entd. 1:219. 1820. C. elegans var. 



brachyloba (Fink) Zahlbr. 



Thallus well developed, orange-yellow to bright orange above, whitish or black- 

 ening below, verrucose or rarely areolate, the margin frequently of short crenate 

 lobules; apothecia minute to small, 0.2-1 mm. across, sessile, the disk flat, light 

 yellowish brown to dark orange, the exciple thick, raised, lemon-yellow to bright 

 orange, entire or slightly wavy; spores oblong-ellipsoid, 10-14 X 5-7 /*. 



On rocks, from Nebraska to Arizona, and in Washington. 



33. Caloplaca cirrochroa (Ach.) T. Fries, Lich. Scand. 1:171,172. 1871. 

 Lecanora cirrochroa Ach., Syn. Meth. Lich. 181, 182. 1814. Placodium cirro- 



chroum (Ach.) Hepp. 



Thallus rather thin, closely adnate, radiately laciniate to minutely warty to- 

 wards the center, the warts sorediate or granulose-sorediate, yellowish to yellowish 

 brown; apothecia minute, 0.2-0.35 mm. across, adnate, the disk flat, yellowish to 

 reddish yellow, the exciple thin, colored like the thallus; spores oblong-ellipsoid, 

 11-18 X 4.5-6 fx. 



On rocks, Vermont, South Dakota, Iowa, Texas, and California. 



34. Caloplaca elegans (Link) T. Fries, Lich. Scand. 1:168. 1871. 



Lichen elegans Link, Beitr. Naturgesch. 1:37. 1794. Placodium elegans (Link) 

 DC. 



Thallus subfoliose, orange to yellowish or reddish above, white or darkening 

 below, obscurely coralloid-granulose toward the center, the margin usually stellate- 

 ly lobed, the lobes long, branched, sometimes subimbricated, often somewhat 

 lacunose; apothecia small to middle-sized, 0.5-2 mm. across, subsessile to sessile, 



