4 LICHENS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON 



Abbreviations 



C — Cummings Herbarium, Wellesley College. 



D— Private Lichen Herbarium, Dr. C. W. Dodge, St. Louis, Missouri. 



F — Farlow Herbarium, Harvard University. 



M — University Herbarium, University of Michigan. 



S — Sprague Herbarium in Farlow Herbarium, Harvard University. 



T — Tuckerman Herbarium in Farlow Herbarium, Harvard University. 



W — Herbarium of Wellesley College. 



WTC — Herbarium of the State College of Washington. 



WTU — Herbarium of the University of Washington. 



M. & P. — Maerz, A., and M. R. Paul, A Dictionary of Color, 1930. 



R — Ridgway, R., Color Standards and Color Nomenclature, 1912. 



Reagents 



Calcium hypochlorite — CaOClg (saturated aqueous solution). 



Iodine solution — IKI (2 per cent aqueous solution of potassium iodide, with 



sufficient iodine added to color the solution a deep yellow). 

 Potassium hydroxide — KOH (25-50 per cent aqueous solution). 

 Paraphenylenediamine — P (fresh saturated alcoholic solution). 



Artificial Key to the Genera 



CRUSTOSE lichens 



1. Podetia present (thallus usually twofold, consisting of a primary crustose thallus 

 that often disappears, and a secondary thallus consisting of erect podetia). 

 2. Podetia short often poorly developed, usually simple. 

 3. Apothecia black 39. Pilophoron 



3. Apothecia light-colored 38. Baeomyces 



2. Podetia longer, well developed, usually branched. 



4. Podetia solid, cephalodia common 41. Stereocaulon 



4. Podetia usually hollow, cephalodia rare 40. Cladonia 



1. Podetia absent. 

 5. Spores borne in a perithecium. 

 6. Spores hyaline, nonseptate 1- Verrucaria 



6. Spores brown, muriform 2. Staurothele 



5. Spores borne in an apothecium. 



7. Apothecia stalked. 



8. Stalk long, well developed 5. Calicium 



8. Stalk short, sometimes lacking. 



9. Thallus greenish, resembling a layer of paint; disk pale flesh color (R) or 



rosy pink 48. Icmadophila 



9. Thallus grayish, disk dull black 6. Cyphelium 



7. Apothecia not stalked. 



10. Apothecia borne in a stroma ; disk usually black, sometimes white pruinose ; 



spores 1-many septate 8. Arthonia 



10. Apothecia not borne in a stroma. 

 11. Apothecia lirella-form, always black. 



12. Spores nonseptate ; thallus entirely within the substratum. 9. Xylographa 

 12. Spores septate, thallus superficial. 



13. Spores 3-many septate; paraphyses branched, interwoven. 11. Graphis 



