LICHENS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON 7 



16. Always growing on moss, sometimes almost covered by it. 



24. Psoroma 



16. Rarely growing on moss, never covered by it 46. Lecanora 



15. Spores polar-bilocular; epithecium crimson, dull red, or purple 



with KOH 65. Caloplaca 



14. Spores brown or black, polar-bilocular 68. Rinodina 



11. Thalline margin absent, or soon disappearing. 



17. Spores nonseptate, medium sized 31. Lecidea 



17. Spores 1-many transversely septate, or muriform. 

 18. Spores without a gelatinous halo. 



19. Spores hyaline, never muriform 35. Toninia 



19. Spores brown or black, rarely muriform. 67. Buellia 



18. Spores with a gelatinous halo, usually brown, muriform 



2)7. Rhisocarpon 

 10. Always a blue-green algal component. 

 20. Spores nonseptate. 

 21. Thalline margin conspicuous, concolorous with the thallus 



^1 „, ... . ^ 22. Pannaria 



21. rhalhne margm absent 21. Parmeliella 



20. Spores 1-septate, thalline margin absent 23. Massalongia 



8. Thallus foliose. 



22. Attached to the substratum by a single umbilicus or by several cords 



42. Umbilicaria 

 22. Not attached to the substratum by a single umbilicus or by several cords. 

 23. Apothecia originate on the lower surface of the thallus. 



24. Apothecia remain on the margin of the lower surface 29. Nephroma 



24. Apothecia appear to grow on the margin of the upper surface because 



of the twisting of the lobes of the thallus 56. Nephromopsis 



23. Apothecia originate on the upper surface of the thallus. 



25. Apothecia marginal or submarginal. 



26. Growing in swift mountain brooks, a blue-green algal component. 



25. Hydrothyria 

 26. Not growing in swift mountain brooks. 



27. Thallus red, purple, or violet, with KOH 66. Xanthoria 



27. Thallus not changing color with KOH. 



28. Lower cortex interrupted by cyphellae 27. Sticta 



28. Lower cortex not interrupted by cyphellae. 



29. Lower cortex interrupted by naked, inflated, flat, or sunken 



_ ^ spots 26. Lobaria 



29. Lower cortex not interrupted by naked, inflated, flat, or 

 sunken spots. 

 30. Rhizoids abundant on the lower surface of the thallus, thai- 

 line margin of apothecium absent 30. PeUigera 



30. Rhizoids rather scarce on the lower surface of the thallus, 



thalline margin of apothecium present 55. Cetraria 



25. Apothecia scattered over the surface of the thallus. 



31. Lower cortex interrupted by cyphellae. 27. Sticta 



31. Lower cortex not interrupted by cyphellae. 

 22. Lower cortex interrupted by naked, light colored, inflated, flat, or 



sunken spots 26. Lobaria 



32. Lower cortex not interrupted by naked, light colored, inflated, flat, 

 or sunken spots. 

 22). Spores numerous; asci 16-many-spored ; spores nonseptate or 



rarely 1-septate 52. Candelaria 



22. Spores not numerous ; asci normally 8-spored. 

 34. Spores brown. 



