10 LICHENS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON 



15. Medulla solid; apothecia terminal, within swollen globose receptacles 



7. Sphaerophorus 

 10. Thallus greenish yellow, straw color, grayish green, gray, or white. 

 17. Thallus consisting of hair-like or string-like masses. 

 18. Medulla with a strong central medullary cord 62. Usnea 



18. Medulla hollow in the center 59. Alectoria 



17. Thallus not consisting of hair-like or string-like masses, but wider, mem- 

 branaceous. 



19. Thallus soft and flaccid, medulla cottony 57. Evernia 



19. Thallus rather stifif, cartilaginous, medulla soft and cottony or cobweb- 



Ijljg 61. Rainalina 



17. Thallus shrub-like, terete, brittle, apothecia terminal within swollen glob- 

 ose receptacles 7. Sphaerophorus 



1. VERRUCARIACEAE 



Thallus crustose, entirely superficial or partly developed within the sub- 

 stratum, no differentiation into layers. Perithecia simple, erect, more or less 

 immersed, with apical pore or ostiole protruding; asci 1-8-spored or many 

 spored, spores hyaline or rarely brownish, nonseptate, 1-3-septate, or 

 muriform. 



Alga Protococcus or Palmella. 



A. Spores simple, hyaline; dark hypothallus evident 1. Verrncaria 



A. Spores muriform, brown, hypothallus not often seen. 2. Staurothele 



1. Verrucaria Scop. Intro. Hist. Nat. 61. 1777. 



Thallus crustose, usually superficial, rarely within the substratum, some- 

 times areolate, dark hypothallus often visible. Perithecia partly immersed in 

 the thallus, superficial part globose or hemispherical, opening by a pore at 

 the apex; paraphyses indistinct, soon gelatinizing; asci 8-spored; spores 

 hyaline, nonseptate. 



Alga Protococcus. 



A. On rocks along the seacoast, spores always less than 20 /x in length. 



1. V. maura 



A. On rocks in dry places, spores rarely less than 20 ju, in length. 



2. V. nigrescens 



1. Verrucaria maura Wahl. in Ach. Meth. Lich. 19. 1803. 



Thallus dark mouse gray (R), reddish black, or black, thin or thick, 

 smooth to rough, or cracking into small areoles. Perithecia minute to small, 

 0.3-0.5 mm. across, partly immersed in the thallus, superficial part black, 

 globose or hemispherical; spores hyaline, ellipsoid, nonseptate, 9.9-16.5 x 

 4.9-8.0 IX. 



On rocks near the sea : San Juan Co. : Turn Island, 1928, 1987. 



2. Verrucaria nigrescens Pers. Ann. Bot. Usteri 14:36. 1795. 

 Verrucaria elaeochroa Tuck. Pro. Am. Arts and Sci. 1 :279. 1848. 



