12 LICHENS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON 



mersed in the thallus, only the ostiole showing on the surface as a small 

 pore; asci 1-16-spored; spores hyahne, brown, or blackish, nonseptate, 

 multiseptate, or muriform. 

 Alga Protococcus. 



A. Thallus attached to the substratum by rhizoids, spores 5-7-septate. 



3. Normandina 



A. Thallus usually attached to the substratum by an umbilicus, if squamu- 



lose not umbilicate, spores nonseptate 4. Dermatocarpon 



3. Normandina Nyl. Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg, 3 :191. 1855. 



Thallus small, squamulose orbicular, upper cortex poorly developed, 

 definite algal and medullary layers, lower cortex well developed, attached 

 to the substratum by rhizoids. Perithecia rare; paraphyses lacking; asci 

 6-8-spored ; spores hyaline to brownish, 5-7-septate or rarely many-septate. 

 A monotypic genus. 



1. Normandina pulchella (Borr.) Nyl. Ann. Sci. Bot. IV. 15:382. 1861. 

 Verrucaria pulchella Borr. in Sowerby, Eng. Bot. Suppl. 1 :2602. 1831. 



Normandina jungermanniae Nyl. 



Thallus glaucous-gray (R), Hght olive-gray (R), consisting of small, 

 thin, dainty squamules, faintly pruinose, often sorediate, margin raised, 

 thickened, and slightly reflexed, below white or pale brown. Perithecia rare, 

 immersed in raised areas, only the small black ostiole showing above the 

 surface; asci 8-spored; spores hyaline, brown when mature, cylindrical, 

 6-7-septate, 26.0-40.0 x 6.0-8.0 /x. 



On mosses growing over the bark of trees or on soil: Pacific Co.: 

 Loomis Lake, 1931, 734, 428. Washington Territory, Suksdorf 89 (T). 

 Determined as Normandina jungermanniae Nyl. by Tuckerman. 



4. Dermatocarpon Eschw. Syst. Lich. 21. 1824. 



Thallus foliose, large and spreading, umbilicate or reduced to appressed 

 and adnate squamules, upper cortex thin, lower thicker, algal and medullary 

 layers well developed ; attached to the substratum by an umbilicus or rhi- 

 zoids. Perithecia minute or small, immersed in the substratum, wall dimidi- 

 ate; paraphyses gelatinizing; asci 8-spored or rarely 16-spored; spores 

 hyaline, nonseptate. 



A. Thallus foliose, umbilicate. 



B. Thallus small or medium sized; below not veined; growing in water 

 or moist situations. 

 C. Thallus thick and flaccid ; below brown or black. 



1. D. aquaticum 



C. Thallus thinner, firm and hard ; below always black. 



5. D. Miihlenbergii 

 B. Thallus large; below faintly veined; growing in dry situations. 



D. Thallus lobes much imbricated. .4. D. miniatum var. complicatum 



